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ID:33161511
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页数:55页
时间:2019-02-21
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1、公共管理引论:方法与案例CaseReadingsonPublicManagementDr.XingQiangguo1.TheFunctionofGovernment1-82.TheConstitutionalFramework8-123.StrategicPlanning12-144.PolicyEvaluation15-205.GovernmentalOrganizations20-286.TheArtofLeadership28-337.PublicBudgetTypes33-378.E-Government37-419.Art,Scienc
2、eorCraft41-4710.PrivatizationRevisited47-5011.TheRoleofLeadership50-55西南财经大学SWUFESeptember1,200455CaseReading1TheFunctionsofGovernmentbyPaulA.SamuelsonandWilliamD.NordhausWearebeginningtogiveapictureofhowgovernmentdirectsandinteractswiththeeconomy.Whataretheappropriateeconomi
3、cgoalsforgovernmentactioninamodernsociety?Let’sexaminethefourmajorfunctions:1.Improvingeconomicefficiency2.Improvingthedistributionofincome3.Stabilizingtheeconomythroughmacroeconomicpolicies4.ConductinginternationaleconomicpolicyImprovingEconomicEfficiencyAcentraleconomicpurp
4、oseofgovernmentistoassistinthesociallydesirableallocationofresources.Thisisthemicroeconomicsideofgovernmentpolicy;itconcentratesonwhatandhoweconomiclife.Microeconomicpoliciesdifferamongcountriesaccordingtocustomsandpoliticalphilosophies.Somecountriesemphasizeahands-offlaissez
5、-faireapproach,leavingmostdecisionstothemarket.Othercountriesleantowardheavygovernmentregulation,orevenownershipofbusinesses,inwhichproductionsaremadebygovernmentplanners.TheUnitedStatesisfundamentallyamarketeconomy.Oneverymicroeconomicissue,mostpeoplepresumethatthemarketwill
6、solveeconomicproblemathand.Butsometimesthereisgoodreasonforgovernmenttooverridetheallocationdecisionsofmarketsupplyanddemand.TheLimitsoftheInvisibleHandChapter15explainedhowtheinvisiblehandofperfectcompetitionwouldleadtoanefficientallocationofresources.Butthisinvisiblehandres
7、ultholdsonlyunderverylimitedconditions.Allgoodsmustbeproducedefficientlybyperfectlycompetitivefirms.Allgoodsmustbeprivategoodslikeloavesofbread,thetotalofwhichcanbeputupintoseparateslicesofconsumptionfordifferentindividuals,sothatthemoreIconsumeputofthetotal,thelessyouconsume
8、.Therecan55benoexternalitieslikeairpollution.Consumersandfirmsmustbe
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