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1、外文翻译原文PortEfficiencyandInternationalTrade:PortEfficiencyasaDeterminantofMaritimeTransportCostsMaterialSource:MaritimeEconomics&Logistics（2003）5Author:RicardoJ SánchezandGordon WilmsmeierRicardoJSánchez,JanHoffmann,AlejandroMicco,GeorginaVPizzolitto,MartínSgutandGordonWilmsmeierAustralUniversity
2、,ArgentinaEconomicCommissionforLatinAmericanandtheCaribbean,Santiago,ChileInter-AmericanDevelopmentBank,Washington,USA.E-mail:ricardo.sanchez@lycos.comAbstractThispaperexaminesthedeterminantsofwaterbornetransportcosts,withparticularemphasisontheefficiencyatportlevel.Itsmaincontributionis(1)toge
3、neratestatisticallyquantifiablemeasuresofportefficiencyfromasurveyofLatinAmericancommonuserports,and(2)toestimateamodelofwaterbornetransportcosts,includingthepreviouslygeneratedportefficiencymeasuresasexplanatoryvariables.Inordertoincorporatedifferentportefficiencymeasuresfromthesurvey,weusepri
4、ncipalcomponentanalysis(PCA).Ourestimationsshowthatthespecifiedvariablesinthemodelexplainagreatproportionofthechangeinwaterbornetransportcosts.Withregardtoportefficiency,theresultisespeciallyimportantforoneoftheportefficiencymeasuresobtainedthroughPCAwithanestimatedelasticityequivalenttothatofd
5、istance.Otherexplanatoryvariableswhichshowtobestatisticallysignificantarethemonthlylinerserviceavailability,distance,andthegoods'valueperton.Theconclusionsarerelevantforpolicymakersastheyshowandquantifythatportefficiencyisarelevantdeterminantofacountry'scompetitiveness–andinthisrespect,theresti
6、llexistbigdifferencesamongLatinAmericancountries.Unlikemostotherrelevantvariables,portefficiencycanbeinfluencedbypublicpolicies.Keywords:Portefficiency,multivariateanalysis,freightcosts,LatinAmericaINTRUCTION:MARITIMETRANSPORTCOSTSANDINTERNATIONALTRADEThepaperisorganisedasfollows:Thischaptercon
7、tainsageneralintroductionthatlooksattherelationbetweentransportcostsandinternationaltrade.Inthesecondchapter,principalcomponentsarecomputedfromaLatinAmericanPortsurvey.Thethirdchapterdescribesthemodelandtheestimationresults,follow
