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1、外文翻译原文NewMeasuresOfPortEfficiencyUsingInternationalTradeDataMaterialSource:http://www.nber.org/papers/w1205Author:BruceA.Blonigen;WesleyW.WilsonAstheclearinghousesforamajorportionoftheworld'srapidlyincreasinginternationaltradeflows,oceanportsandtheefficiencywithwhichtheyp
2、rocesscargohavebecomeanevermoreimportanttopic.Yet,thereexistverylittledatathatallowsonetocompareportefficiencymeasuresofanykindacrossportsand,especially,overtime.ThispaperprovidesanewstatisticalmethodofuncoveringportefficiencymeasuresusingU.S.CensusdataonimportsintoU.S.po
3、rts.Unlikepreviousmeasures,thisstudy'smethodologycanprovidesuchestimatesforamuchbroadersampleofcountriesandyearswithlittlecost.Thus,suchdatacanbeusedbyfutureresearcherstoexamineamyriadofnewissues,includingtheevolutionofportefficienciesovertimeanditseffectsoninternationalt
4、radeflowsandcountry-levelgrowth.1、IntroductionDespitetheobvioussignificanceofportefficiency,consistentandcomparablemeasurementofsuchefficienciesisadauntingtask.Amyriadoffactorscontributetoportefficiency.Someofthemoreobviousfactorsincludedockfacilities,connectionstorailand
5、truckinglines,harborcharacteristics(includingchanneldepthandocean/tidalmovements),timetoclearcustoms,andlaborrelations.However,bothconsistentdataandmethodsthatallowconstructionofameasureorindexthatallowscomparisonsacrossportsarenotcurrentlyavailable.Theliteratureisnotdevo
6、idofattemptstomeasureportefficiency.Onecommonmethodologyisthroughtheuseofsurveys.Arecentindicatorofportefficiencyhasbeenconstructedfromannualfirm-levelsurveysfortheyears1995through2000andreportedintheGlobalCompetitivenessReport.Thesesurveysaskfirmstorankcountries’porteffi
7、ciencyfrom1to7,where1indicatesthatthefirmstronglydisagreeswiththestatement“Portfacilitiesandinlandwaterwaysareextensiveandefficient”,whereas7indicatesthefirmstronglyagreeswiththestatement.Otherstudieshaveusedthesemeasuresandfoundthatthemeasureshaveastrongandsignificanteff
8、ectontrade.(Clarketal.,2004,andWilsonetal.,2004)Similarly,Sanchezetal.(2003)usesurveydataonporte
