资源描述：
《纺织和服装贸易的相关问题研究【外文翻译】》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、外文翻译原文TextileandApparelTradeIssues（extracts）MaterialSource:SpecialistinIndustryEconomicsResources,Science,andIndustryDivisionAuthor:BernardA.GelbSummaryTextileandapparelproductionandinternationaltradehavebeenimportantelementsofeconomicactivityandgrowthsin
2、cetheIndustrialRevolution.Majorreasonsare(1)textilesandapparelarebasicitemsofconsumptioninallcountries,and(2)textileandapparelmanufacture—particularlyapparel—islabor-intensive,requiringrelativelylittlefixedcapitalforentrepreneurstoestablishproductionfacil
3、ities.Thus,theseindustriesaremajorgeneratorsofjobsinmanycountries.BecauseofitsimportancetotheU.S.economyandtomanyU.S.tradepartners,textileandappareltradehasbeenamajorissueintraderelationswithanumberofcountriesandregions.Otherindustrializedcountrieshavefac
4、edsimilarissues,andinattemptstoresolveconflictsbetweentheinterestsofexportersandimporters,anumberofagreements(multilateralandbilateral)weresignedovertheyearsgenerallyrestrictingthequantitiesoftextilesandappareltraded.AmajorrecenteventwasthecompletiononJan
5、uary1,2005,ofthephaseoutofsuchquotas,asmandatedbytheUruguayRoundoftradenegotiationsinthe1990s.Inthelastseveraldecades,textileandapparelmanufacturehasbeenshiftingtodevelopingcountriesasawhole,withtextilesandapparelaccountingforlargeportionsoftheirexportsto
6、industriallydevelopedcountries.Lowerwagesindevelopingcountriestogetherwiththelabor-intensivenessofapparelproductiontendtogivethosecountriesacostadvantageinapparelmanufactureandalocationaladvantagefortheirtextileproduction.Also,therehavebeenlargeshiftsinma
7、nyindividualcountries’sharesofworldtextileandappareltradesincethemid-1990s.ThebasicworldwideshiftshaveaffectedandcontinuetonegativelyaffecttheU.S.textileandapparelindustries.Whiletherehavebeenafewintermittentincreases,overallU.S.outputoftextilesandapparel
8、,andassociatedemployment,inthemid2000sarebelowpeakssetinthelastthreeorfourdecades,andareprojectedtodeclinefurther.Mosttradeparticipants,analysts,andobserversexpectedthatthequotaphaseoutwouldresultinincreasedexportso
