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1、TheChangingWorldNetworkofTradeinTextilesandApparelThomasVollrath,MarkGehlhar,StephenMacDonaldU.S.A.http://www.ers.usda.gov/amberwavesThomasVollrath,thomasv@ers.usda.govMarkGehlhar,mgehlhar@ers.usda.govStephenMacDonald,stephenm@ers.usda.govThestructureofthe
2、globaltextilemarketisfundamentallychanginginresponsetopolicyreformsstemmingfromthe1995UruguayRound(UR)oftheWorldTradeOrganization.TheURinstitutedagreementstoreducetariffsontextileandapparelproductstolevelsclosertothosefoundelsewhereinmanufacturing.Italsoes
3、tablishedtheAgreementonTextilesandClothing(ATC),whichstipulatesthatallbilateralimportquotas,sanctionedunderthe1974Multi-FiberArrangement(MFA),willbeeliminatedby2005.FullimplementationoftheURreformswillbringtextilesandapparelintogreaterconformitywithinterna
4、tionallyacceptedrulesoftrade.Collectively,thesereformsshouldstimulategrowthintextiletrade,whichalreadyoutpacestradeinothersectorsoftheworldeconomy.Forexample,tradeintextilesandapparelinthelastdecadenearlydoubledto$334billion.Thesereformsalsopromisetosignif
5、icantlyalterthelocationofproductionandthedirectionoffiberandtextiletrade.TheBilateralFiberandTextileTradedatabase,availableontheERSwebsite(www.ers.usda.gov/data/fibertextiletrade/henablesanalyststoexaminetheevolvingstructureoftradeamongpartnersandacrosscom
6、moditiesandproductsintheglobalmarket・Thisdatabase,derivedfromUNComtradedata,containsinformationaboutcommodityandproducttradeflowsamongexportingandimportingcountries/regionsbetween1992and2002.Theglobalnetworkoftradeintextilesandapparelhasshiftedsignificantl
7、y,withmanylow-incomecountriesbenefitingfromhighersaleswithinthepastdecade.Unlikeagriculturalproduction,whichdependsontheavailabilityofnaturalresources,thelocationoftextileand,particularly,apparelproductionishighlymobileandextremelyresponsivetowagedifferent
8、ials.Textileandapparelproductionrequiressubstantiallabor,isnottechnologicallydemanding,andprovidesemploymentopportunitiesfortherelativelyunskilledlaborerswhotransferoutofsubsistenceagriculture.Itintroduceswor
