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1、TheChangingWorldNetworkofTradeinTextilesandApparelThomasVollrath，MarkGehlhar，StephenMacDonaldU.S.A.http://www.ers.usda.gov/amberwavesThomasVollrath,thomasv@ers.usda.govMarkGehlhar,mgehlhar@ers.usda.govStephenMacDonald,stephenm@ers.usda.govThestructureoftheglobaltext
2、ilemarketisfundamentallychanginginresponsetopolicyreformsstemmingfromthe1995UruguayRound(UR)oftheWorldTradeOrganization.TheURinstitutedagreementstoreducetariffsontextileandapparelproductstolevelsclosertothosefoundelsewhereinmanufacturing.ItalsoestablishedtheAgreemen
3、tonTextilesandClothing(ATC),whichstipulatesthatallbilateralimportquotas,sanctionedunderthe1974Multi-FiberArrangement(MFA),willbeeliminatedby2005.FullimplementationoftheURreformswillbringtextilesandapparelintogreaterconformitywithinternationallyacceptedrulesoftrade.C
4、ollectively,thesereformsshouldstimulategrowthintextiletrade,whichalreadyoutpacestradeinothersectorsoftheworldeconomy.Forexample,tradeintextilesandapparelinthelastdecadenearlydoubledto$334billion.Thesereformsalsopromisetosignificantlyalterthelocationofproductionandth
5、edirectionoffiberandtextiletrade.TheBilateralFiberandTextileTradedatabase,availableontheERSwebsite(www.ers.usda.gov/data/fibertextiletrade/),enablesanalyststoexaminetheevolvingstructureoftradeamongpartnersandacrosscommoditiesandproductsintheglobalmarket.Thisdatabase
6、,derivedfromUNComtradedata,containsinformationaboutcommodityandproducttradeflowsamongexportingandimportingcountries/regionsbetween1992and2002.Theglobalnetworkoftradeintextilesandapparelhasshiftedsignificantly,withmanylow-incomecountriesbenefitingfromhighersaleswithi
7、nthepastdecade.Unlikeagriculturalproduction,whichdependsontheavailabilityofnaturalresources,thelocationoftextileand,particularly,apparelproductionishighlymobileandextremelyⅢ—23responsivetowagedifferentials.Textileandapparelproductionrequiressubstantiallabor,isnottec
8、hnologicallydemanding,andprovidesemploymentopportunitiesfortherelativelyunskilledlaborerswhotransferoutofsubsistenceagriculture.Itintroduc
