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1、外文翻译原文ImpactoftheexchangerateonexportvolumesMaterialSource:http://www.docin.com/p-92858025.htmlAuthor:MarkSmithInfluencesonexportvolumes:theexchangerateandotherfactorsThequantitiesofexportsthataresuppliedanddemandedareinfluencedbyavarietyoffactors.Al
2、lelsebeingequal,themoregoodsandserviceswillbeproducedforexportthehighertherealreturnonexporting,relativetoreturnsfromotherusesfortheresourcesusedinexporting.Theexchangerateinfluencesboththesupplyofanddemandforexportvolumes.However,asmanyofourexportsa
3、repricedinforeigncurrencies,changesintheNewZealanddollarexchangeratedonotautomaticallyaffectthedemandforourexports.Also,somefirmsmayhavetheabilitytocharge‘different’pricestothenorm.Thisisusuallyassociatedwiththedegreetowhichaproductisdifferentiatedfr
4、omotherproducts.Forexample,exportersservingnichemarketsmaybeablekeeptheirpricesinNewZealanddollarsrelativelyconstant,despiteariseintheexchangerate,andfacelittlechangeindemand.Incontrast,dairyproductsandmostagriculturalcommoditiesarecomparativelyundif
5、ferentiated,andtheirpricesaredeterminedinworldmarkets.Intheshortterm,physicalconstraints(suchasinputsofcapitalandlabour)andpre-arrangedcontractualobligationsaffecttheabilityofexporterstorespondtopricechangesandchangesindemandconditions.Formanyagricul
6、turalexports,climaticconditionsareamajordeterminantofsupplyintheshortrun:bothdroughtsandfloodscanmateriallyaffectproduction.Overalongerperiodoftimetheseconstraintsarelessbinding,withproducershavinggreaterscopetoadjustboththequantitiesofcapitalandlabo
7、urused,andthewayinwhichthosequantitiesarecombined(henceaffectingproductivity).However,eveninthelongruntherearestillconstraintsthataffectthecapacitytosupply,suchasfinitequantitiesoflandand,intheagriculturalsector,biologicalconstraints.Analternativetoe
8、xportingistoproducemoregoodsandservicesforconsumptioninthedomesticmarket.However,givenNewZealand’scomparativelysmallsizethereislimitedscopeforlocalproducerstodivertproductionawayfromexporting.ThedemandforNewZealand’sexportsisgovernedbythemarketsizefo
