Export Competitiveness Reversing the Logic【外文翻译】

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1、外文翻译原文ExportCompetitiveness:ReversingtheLogicMaterialSource:WorldBankAuthor:ChristianKetelsIntroductionInthewakeofthecurrenteconomicandfinancialcrisis,countriesaroundtheglobearelookingforwaystoreigniteeconomicgrowth.Traditionally,export-ledgrowthhasbeenperceivedasoneofthe

2、mostpromisingpathwaystodoso.TheexperienceofseveralwavesofAsianeconomiesthatachievedhighandsustainedgrowthwhilepursuingastrongexportorientationprovidedtheempiricalbackdropforthisapproach.Governmentpolicytoachieveexport-ledgrowthisthenessentiallyaboutfindingswaystoincreaset

3、heabilitytoselldomesticallyproducedgoodsandservicesonglobalmarkets.Thisabilitytoexportiswhathasoftenbeenunderstoodas“exportcompetitiveness”.Inthisthinking,exportsbecomethetargetandultimategoalofeconomicpolicy.Whilethecrisishasincreasedthedemandforgrowthstrategies,ithasals

4、oraisedseriousconcernsaboutwhetherthetraditionalexport-ledgrowthstrategiesareprovidingtherightanswer.Thisnoteoutlinesanumberoftheseconcerns,rangingfromthepracticaltotheconceptual.Itarguesthatanunderlyingproblemhasbeenthemisguidedinterpretationofexportcompetitivenessasthea

5、bilitytosellglobally,aconcernthatwasvoicedaboutthetermcompetitivenessmorebroadlyalreadymorethan15yearsago(Krugman,1994).Asanalternative,thenoteoutlinesagrowthapproachinwhichexportsareadiagnosticinstrumentandtheassociatedpoliciesfocusedonexportsoneplankinabroadercompetitiv

6、enessandgrowthstrategy.Itarguesthatthefocusofdebatenowneedstobeontheactualpoliciesthatcanincreasecompetitivenessratherthanexportsperse.Policiestoimproveexportcompetitiveness:CriticalissuesThenotionthatexportsandtrademoregenerallyareconducivetoeconomicgrowthhasbeenalong-st

7、andingfeatureofeconomics.Thetheoreticalargumentsfocusedtraditionallyontheabilitytoexploitgainsfromtrade,essentiallyleadingtohigherproductivitybyexploitingcomparativeadvantages.Overtime,argumentsrelatedtotheexploitationofeconomiesofscaleandtodifferenttypesofexternalitiesbe

8、cameadditionalfeaturesofthedebate.Theintroductionofmarketimperfectionargumentsactuallyintroduced