export competitiveness reversing the logic外文翻译

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1、外文翻译原文ExportCompetitiveness:ReversingtheLogicMaterialSource:WorldBankAuthor:ChristianKetelsIntroductionInthewakeofthecurrenteconomicandfinancialcrisis,countriesaroundtheglobearelookingforwaystoreigniteeconomicgrowth.Traditionally,export-ledgrowthhasbeenperceivedasoneofthemostpromisingpathwaystodoso.

2、TheexperienceofseveralwavesofAsianeconomiesthatachievedhighandsustainedgrowthwhilepursuingastrongexportorientationprovidedtheempiricalbackdropforthisapproach.Governmentpolicytoachieveexport-ledgrowthisthenessentiallyaboutfindingswaystoincreasetheabilitytoselldomesticallyproducedgoodsandservicesonglo

3、balmarkets.Thisabilitytoexportiswhathasoftenbeenunderstoodas“exportcompetitiveness”.Inthisthinking,exportsbecomethetargetandultimategoalofeconomicpolicy.Whilethecrisishasincreasedthedemandforgrowthstrategies,ithasalsoraisedseriousconcernsaboutwhetherthetraditionalexport-ledgrowthstrategiesareprovidi

4、ngtherightanswer.Thisnoteoutlinesanumberoftheseconcerns,rangingfromthepracticaltotheconceptual.Itarguesthatanunderlyingproblemhasbeenthemisguidedinterpretationofexportcompetitivenessastheabilitytosellglobally,aconcernthatwasvoicedaboutthetermcompetitivenessmorebroadlyalreadymorethan15yearsago(Krugma

5、n,1994).Asanalternative,thenoteoutlinesagrowthapproachinwhichexportsareadiagnosticinstrumentandtheassociatedpoliciesfocusedonexportsoneplankinabroadercompetitivenessandgrowthstrategy.Itarguesthatthefocusofdebatenowneedstobeontheactualpoliciesthatcanincreasecompetitivenessratherthanexportsperse.Polic

6、iestoimproveexportcompetitiveness:CriticalissuesThenotionthatexportsandtrademoregenerallyareconducivetoeconomicgrowthhasbeenalong-standingfeatureofeconomics.Thetheoreticalargumentsfocusedtraditionallyontheabilitytoexploitgainsfromtrade,essentiallyleadingtohigherproductivitybyexploitingcomparativeadv

7、antages.Overtime,argumentsrelatedtotheexploitationofeconomiesofscaleandtodifferenttypesofexternalitiesbecameadditionalfeaturesofthedebate.Theintroductionofmarketimperfectionargumentsactuallyintroduced