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1、外文翻译原文ThemicrofinancepromiseMaterialSource:WhartonFinancialIstitutionAuthor:JonathanMorduchAboutonebillionpeoplegloballyliveinhouseholdswithpercapitaincomesofunderonedollarperday.Thepolicymakersandpractitionerswhohavebeentryingtoimprovethelivesofthatbillionfaceanuphillbattle.Reportsofbureaucratics
2、prawlanduncheckedcorruptionabound.Andmanynowbelievethatgovernmentassistancetothepooroftencreatesdependencyanddisincentivesthatmakemattersworse,notbetter.Moreover,despitedecadesofaid,communitiesandfamiliesappeartobeincreasinglyfractured,offeringafragilefoundationonwhichtobuild.Amidthedispiritingnew
3、s,excitementisbuildingaboutasetofunusualfinancialinstitutionsprosperingindistantcornersoftheworld-especiallyBolivia,Bangladesh,andIndonesia.Thehopeisthatmuchpovertycanbealleviated-andthateconomicandsocialstructurescanbetransformedfundamentally-byprovidingfinancialservicestolow-incomehouseholds.The
4、seinstitutions,unitedunderthebannerofmicrofinance,shareacommitmenttoservingclientsthathavebeenexcludedfromtheformalbankingsector.Almostalloftheborrowersdosotofinanceself-employmentactivities,andmanystartbytakingloansassmallas$75,repaidoverseveralmonthsorayear.Onlyafewprogramsrequireborrowerstoputu
5、pcollateral,enablingwould-beentrepreneurswithfewassetstoescapepositionsaspoorlypaidwagelaborersorfarmers.Someoftheprogramsservejustahandfulofborrowerswhileothersservemillions.Inthepasttwodecades,adiverseassortmentofnewprogramshasbeensetur,inAfrica.Asia.LatinAinerica,Canada,androughly300U.S.sitesfr
6、omNewYorkSariDiego(TheEconomist,1997).Globally,therearenowabout8to10millionllouseholdsservedbymicrofinanceprograms,andsomepractitionersarepushingtoexpandto100millionpoorhouseholdsby2005.AsJamesWolfensohn,thepresidentoftheWorldBank,hasbeenquicktopointout,helping100millionhouseholdsmeansthatasmanyas
7、500-600millionpoorpeoplecouldbenefit.IncreasingactivityintheUnitedStatescanbeexpectedasbanksturntomicrofinanceencouragedbynewteethaddedtotheCommunityReinvestmentActof1977(TimothyO'Brien1998).Theprogramspointtoinn
