Chapter 2 section 4 flight instrument

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1、FlightInstrumentsMostaircraftareequippedwithastandardsetofflightinstrumentswhichgivethepilotinformationabouttheaircraft'sattitude,airspeed,andaltitude.Mostaircrafthavethesesixbasicflightinstruments:Altimeter(高度表)Attitudeindicator（姿态指示仪）Airspeedindicator（空速表）Headingindicat

2、or（航向指示器）Turnandbankindicator（转弯倾斜指示器）Verticalspeedindicator（垂直速度指示器）1.Altimeter(高度表)Analtimeterisaninstrumentusedtomeasurethealtitudeofanobjectaboveafixedlevel.Givestheaircraft'sheight(usuallyinfeetormeters)abovesomereferencelevel(usuallysea-level)bymeasuringthelocalairp

3、ressure.Itisadjustableforlocalbarometricpressure(气压)(referencedtosealevel)whichmustbesetcorrectlytoobtainaccuratealtitudereadings.Mostaltimetersconsistofadialcalibratedfrom‘0’to‘9’andthreedifferentsized‘needles’or‘hands’.Thelongesthandreadshundredsoffeetfromthegraduateddi

4、al.Themediumhandreadsthousandsoffeetfromthegraduateddial.Theshortesthandreadstensofthousandsoffeetfromthegraduateddial.Thealtimeterimageindicatesanaltitudeof1400feetwiththebaro-scalesetat29.9 in/Hg–equivalentto1013hPa.(standardatmosphericpressure)Notice:in/Hg(英寸汞柱Inchesof

5、Mercury)=33.86hPa(hectopascals百帕)Apressure-settingknobislocatedontheinstrumentforsettingatmosphericpressureatsealevel(knownas‘QNH’修正海压)Whenthepressure-settingknobisturnedclockwise,thepressureshownonthepressuresettingsubscaleincreasesand,atthesametime,thereadingonthealtime

6、terincreases---viceversa,whentheknobisturnedanti-clockwise.Incorrectsubscalesettingswillgiveincorrectaltitudeindications.Forexample,ifthesettingistoohigh,thealtimeterwillindicateahigheraltitudethanactualwhichspellsDANGER.Ifthesubscalesettingistoolow,thealtimeterwillreadlo

7、werthantheairplane'sactualaltitude.2.Attitudeindicator（姿态指示仪）Showstheaircraft‘sattituderelativetothehorizon.Fromthisthepilotcantellwhetherthewingsarelevelandiftheaircraftnoseispointingaboveorbelowthehorizon.Thisisaprimaryinstrumentforinstrumentflightandisalsousefulincondi

8、tionsofpoorvisibility（低能见度）.Theattitudeindicatoristheonlyinstrumentthatgivesdirectinformationabo