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1、Chapter21.Deicticexpression/indexical:deixisisatechnicaltermforoneofthemostbasicthingswedowithutterances.Itmeans"pointing"vialanguage.Anylinguisticformusedtoaccomplishthis“pointing"iscalledadeicticexpression.Forexample,whenyounoticeastrangeobjectandask,"What'sthat?二yo
2、uareusingadeicticexpression"that"toindicatesomethingintheimmediatecontext.2.Persondeixis:formsusedtoindicatesomepeople,eg,meyou.3.Spatialdeixis:formsusedtopointtolocation,eg.Herethere.4.Temporaldeixis:formsusedtopointtolocationintime,eg,nowthen.5.Proximalterms:indicat
3、enearspeaker,thisherenow.Forexample,"now”isgenerallyunderstoodasreferringtosomepointorperiodintimethathasthetimeofthespeaker'sutteranceatitscenter.6.Distalterms:indicateawayfromspeaker,thattherethen.7.Deicticcenter:thespeaker'slocation/time.&Honorifics:expressionswhic
4、hindicatehigherstatus.9.T/Vdistinction:thedistinctionbetweenformsusedforafamiliarversusanon-familiaraddresseeinsomelanguages.Forexample,tufamiliarvousnon-familiar.10.Deicticprojection:speakersactingasiftheyaresomewhereelse.Froexample,speakersmayprojectthemselvesintoot
5、herlocationspriortoactuallybeinginthoselocations,aswhentheysay^Iwillcomelater/'11.Psychologicaldistance:speaker'smarkingofhowcloseordistantsomethingisperceivedtobe.Forexample,aspeakermaywishtomarksomethingthatisphysicallyclose(forexample,aperfumebeingsniffedbythespeak
6、er)aspsychologicallydistant“Idon^tlikethafChapter4LPresupposition：apresuppositionissomethingthespeakerassumestobethecasepriortomakinganutterance.Speakers,notsentences,havepresuppositions.Forexample,inproducingtheutterance"Mary5sbrotherboughtthreehorses：,thespeakerwil
7、lnormallybeexpectedtohavethepresuppositionsthatapersoncalledMaryexistsandthatshehasabrothe匚2.Entailment:anentailmentissomethingthatlogicallyfollowsformwhatisassertedintheutterance.Sentences,notspeakers,haveentailments.Forexample,thesentence"Maryasbrotherboughtthreehor
8、ses^willbetreatedashavingtheentailmentsthatMaryasbrotherboughtsomething,boughtthreeanimals,boughttwohorses,boughtonehorse,an
