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ID:43936312
大小:48.50 KB
页数:25页
时间:2019-10-17
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1、主语(Subject)由名词或起名词作用的词(如代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词)、短语(如名词短语、不定式短语或动名词短语)或名词从句(thenominalclause)构成Tosayisonething;todoisanother.Whatyousaidisright.Ahorseisausefulanimal.谓语动词(PredicateVerb)由动词(包括短语动词,如lookat,takecareof等),或动词短语(即助动词包括情态动词加动词,如mustdo,can’thavedone等)的基本形
2、式组成,Theymighthavearrivedatthedestinationnow.Theclubwasorganized10yearsago.表语(Predicative)表语常指be动词或系动词(如:become,get,seem等)后的成分,它是对主语的描述,由名词和起名词作用的词,短语或从句及形容词或起形容词作用的词(如分词)、短语(如形容词短语、分词短语)组成Theyfellsilent.Thestoryisexciting.宾语(Object)宾语常指动词或介词之后的成分,由名词和起名词作用
3、的词、短语、或从句组成HegavemeabookformybirthdayHesaidthathedidn’tknowaboutthis宾补(ObjectComplement)用来补充说明宾语的动作或状态,宾语为其逻辑上的主语。一般分为五种结构:动词+宾语+形容词Iconsidermyselfluckytobeinvited.Wemustkeeptheroomclean.动词+宾语+不定式(有的动词后可省略to)Theteacherwillwatchthestudentsdoit.Weshouldprefe
4、ryounottochangeyourplan.Theyencourageustofindabettersolution.动词+宾语+名词Wemustkeepitasecret.Theyfoundherasuitablepersonforthejob.动词+宾语+分词Weheardthemsinginginthenextroom.Theyhadthephototakenwhentheywereworkinginthefields.Ifoundmyclotheswashed.动词+宾语+介宾短语/副词Thec
5、oldkeptmeinbedfor3days.Hefoundeverythingthereingoodorder.状语(AdverbialModifier)状语可用来修饰句中的形容词、动词、副词、或整个句子,用来表示时间、地点、方式、程度、原因、目的、结果、条件和让步等。由副词或起副词作用的词(分词、动词不定式等)、短语(如分词短语、介词短语、不定式短语)和从句及独立结构构成。Heworksextremelyhard.Heraisedhisvoicetomakehimselfunderstood.Herai
6、sedhisvoicetomakehimselfunderstood.WhenIwasstillaboy,thewaterintheriverwasveryclean.定语(Attribute)由形容词或形容词作用的词(如分词、数词、代词、名词、动词不定式、动名词、副词)、短语和从句构成。它可以修饰句中任何名词或起名词作用的词或短语,Trainedmusiciansdonothavetoheareverysoundtheyproduce.Ineedacomfortablechairtositon.Thema
7、noverthereisfromAmerica.同位语(Appositive)一般由名词和起名词作用的词、短语和从句充当,对前一名词或名词短语进行解释或描绘,Westudentsshouldworkhardforthedevelopmentofourcountry.CharlieChaplin,oneofthegreatestfilmmakers,wasbornin1848.独立成分(IndependentElement)指与句中其它成分没有语法联系的成分,包括肯定词,否定词,感叹词,称呼语等。SV(主-
8、--动):谓语为不及物动词Shelaughed.Timeflies.2.SVP(主---动---表):谓语为连系动词或不及物动词,后跟表语I’mastudent.Thestoryismoving.Thecityliesunseen.SVA(主---动---状):谓语为连系动词或不及物动词,状语不可省略。Inaminuteortwowewereattheinn.Hestoodthere,laughing.SVO(主
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