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1、Chapter3of47SentenceCorrectionSentenceStructure48InThisChapter…SubjectandVerbMustBothExistSubjectandVerbMustAgreeinNumberEliminatetheMiddlemenandSkiptheWarmupUseStructuretoDecideMid-ChapterQuiz:TestYourSkillsBuildingComplexSentencesTwoIndependentClausesAddi
2、ngModifiers49Chapter3SentenceStructureEverysentencemusthaveasubjectandaverb.Thesubjectisthenounthatperformstheactionexpressedbytheverb:Thesubject,thedog,isperformingtheactionofrunning.Moreover,thesubjectandtheverbmustagreeinnumber:inthiscase,bothdogandrunsa
3、resingular.HowdoestheGMATmakethingsmorecomplicated?SubjectandVerbMustBothExistIfasentenceismissingthesubjectortheverb,thesentenceisafragment;inotherwords,itisnotacompletesentence!OntheGMAT,thecorrectanswermustbeacompletesentence,orindependentclause.TheGMATm
4、ightdisguisetheerrorbydroppingtheverb:Wrong:Thecatsittingbythestairs.Waitaminute,whataboutsitting?Sittingcertainlylookslikeaverb.Itisnot,however,aworkingverb,averbthatcanrunasentencebyitself.Here'sanexampleofaworkingverb:Right:ThecatsittingbythestairsWATCHE
5、Dthemouse.Inthissentence,thewordwatchedisaworkingverb.Here'sanotherexampleofaworkingverb:Right:ThecatWASSITTINGbythestairs.Inthissentence,thewordswassittingmakeupthefullverbform.Theword50sittingiscalledapresentparticipleandyou'llseemoreofthese“-ing”wordsthr
6、oughoutthisbook.Fornow,justrememberthatan-ingwordbyitselfisneveraworkingverb:Thecatsittingbythestairsisnotasentence.Thesearealsonotcompletesentences:Wrong:BECAUSEthedogwasnevermine.Wrong:WHICHwillbeapprovedtomorrow.Becauseandwhichareconnectingwords.Theyadde
7、xtrainformationtoasentence,buttheyarenotsentencesbythemselves.They'reexamplesofmodifiers,whichyouwilllearnaboutinthenextchapter.Thecorrectanswermustcontainatleastoneindependentclause;ifananswerchoicedoesnot,eliminateit!SubjectandVerbMustAgreeinNumberAsingul
8、arsubjectrequiresasingularverbform:Thedogrunsoutofthehouse.Apluralsubjectrequiresapluralverbform:Thedogsrunoutofthehouse.Youalreadyknowthis;youwouldneverwritethedogrunoutorthedogsrunsout.TheGMAT,theref
