国际贸易理论与实务（英文版）Ch.9RegionalEconomicIntegration

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1、CHAPTER9REGIONALECONOMICINTEGRATIONTypesofRegionalEconomicIntegrationStaticandDynamicEffectsofRegionalEconomicIntegrationRegionalEconomicIntegrationinEurope,NorthAmericaandAsiaRegionaleconomicintegration:Aprocessinwhichstatesenterintoaregionalagreementinordertoenhanceregional

2、economiccooperationthroughregionalinstitutionsandrules.(Aprocessofunificationofeconomicpolicies)§1TypesofRegionalEconomicIntegrationPreferentialTariffArrangementFreeTradeAreaCustomsUnionCommonMarketEconomicUnionRegionalEconomicIntegrationPreferentialtariffarrangementThecountr

3、iesinvolvedreducebutdonotundertaketoeliminatetotallytheirimporttariffs(customsduties)onthegoodsflowingbetweenthem;Meanwhile,theyretaintariffprotectionongoodsenteringtheireconomiesfromoutside.Theleastrestrictiveandloosestformofeconomicintegrationamongcountries.2.FreetradeareaA

4、groupofcountriesthateliminatealltariffsontradewitheachotherbutretainautonomyindeterminingtheirtariffswithnonmembers.Eachcountrycontinuestosetitsownpoliciesinrelationtononmembers.Forallgoodsoronlyforcertainclassesofgoodsandservices.ThemostnotablearetheEuropeanFreeTradeAssociati

5、on(EFTA)andtheNorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement(NAFTA).In1960,theUK,Austria,Denmark,Norway,Portugal,SwedenSwitzerlandformedEFTA.3.CustomsunionMembersofacustomsuniondismantlebarrierstotradeingoodsandservicesamongthemselves.Inaddition,acommontradepolicywithrespecttononmembers,typ

6、ically,thistakestheformofacommonexternaltariff.Arrangementsofthiskindareclearlydiscriminatory,sincetheyrepresentfreetradewithintheblocbutdiscriminationagainsttherestoftheworld.4.CommonmarketAcommonmarkethasnobarrierstotradeamongmembersandhasacommonexternaltradepolicy.Inadditi

7、on,however,factorsofproductionarealsomobileamongmembers.Whenfactorsofproductionarefreelymobile,thencapital,labor,andtechnologymaybeemployedintheirmostproductiveuses.TheTreatiesofRomein1957establishedacommonmarketwithintheEuropeanCommunity(EC).5.EconomicunionAneconomicunionisn

8、owfrequentlydescribedaseconomicandmonetaryunion.The“economic”