高中英语人教必修5素材：Hawking, Stephen William

《高中英语人教必修5素材：Hawking, Stephen William》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、HawkingwasborninOxford,England,andheshowedexceptionaltalentinmathematicsandphysicsfromanearlyage.HeenteredOxfordUniversityin1958andbecameespeciallyinterestedinthermodynamics(thestudyoftheinteractionofmatterandenergy),relativitytheory,andquantummechanic

2、s(seeQuantumTheory).In1961heattendedasummercourseattheRoyalObservatorythatencouragedtheseinterests.Hecompletedhisundergraduatecoursesin1962andreceivedabachelor’sdegreeinphysics.Hawkingthenenrolledasaresearchstudentingeneralrelativityatthedepartmentofap

3、pliedmathematicsandtheoreticalphysicsattheUniversityofCambridge.[来源:Z。xx。k.Com]HawkingearnedhisPh.D.degreefromTrinityCollegeattheUniversityofCambridgein1966.HestayedattheUniversityofCambridge,doingpost-doctoralresearch,untilhebecameaprofessorofphysicsi

4、n1977.HebecameoneoftheyoungestfellowsoftheRoyalSocietyin1974.In1979hewasappointedLucasianProfessorofMathematicsatCambridge.[来源:Z&xx&k.Com]Duringhispostgraduateprogram,HawkingwasdiagnosedashavingAmyotrophicLateralSclerosis(ALS),arareprogressivediseaseth

5、athandicapsmovementandspeech.ThisdiseasemakesitnecessaryforHawkingtocarryoutthelongandcomplexmathematicalcalculationsthathisworkrequiresinhishead.Hehasbeenabletocontinuehisstudiesandtoembarkuponadistinguishedandproductivescientificcareerdespitehisillne

6、ss.Fromitsearlieststages,Hawking’sresearchhasbeenconcernedwiththeconceptofsingularities—breakdownsinspaceandtimewheretheclassiclawsofphysicsnolongerapply.Thecombinationoftimeandthree-dimensionalspaceiscalledspace-time.Themostfamiliarexampleofasingulari

7、tyisablackhole,thefinalformofacollapsedstar.Muchofwhatscientistsbelieveaboutspace-timecomesfromthetheoryofrelativity,whichwasdevelopedintheearly20thcenturybyGerman-AmericanphysicistAlbertEinstein.Duringthelate1960sHawkingprovedthatifthegeneraltheoryofr

8、elativityiscorrect,thenasingularitymustalsohaveoccurredatthebigbang.Thebigbangistheexplosionthatmarkedthebeginningoftheuniverseandthebirthofspace-timeitself.In1970Hawking’sresearchturnedtotheexaminationofthepropertiesofblackholes.Thebou