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1、StephenHawkingStephenHawkingwasbornonthe300thanniversaryofGalileo'sdeath.HehascometobethoughtofasthegreatestmindinphysicssinceAlbertEinstein.Withsimilarinterests--discoveringthedeepestworkingsoftheuniverse--hehasbeenabletocommunicatearcanemattersnotjusttootherphysicistsbu
2、ttothegeneralpublic.HawkinggrewupoutsideLondoninanintellectualfamily.Hisfatherwasaphysicianandspecialistintropicaldiseases;hismotherwasactiveintheLiberalParty.Hewasanawkwardschoolboy,butknewfromearlyonthathewantedtostudyscience.Hebecameincreasinglyskilledinmathematicsandi
3、n1958heandsomefriendsbuiltaprimitivecomputerthatactuallyworked.In1959hewonascholarshiptoOxfordUniversity,wherehisintellectualcapabilitiesbecamemorenoticeable.In1962hegothisdegreewithhonorsandwenttoCambridgeUniversitytopursueaPhDincosmology.Therehebecameintriguedwithblackh
4、oles(firstproposedbyJ.RobertOppenheimer)and"space-timesingularities,"oreventsinwhichthelawsofphysicsseemtobreakdown.AfterreceivinghisPhD,hestayedatCambridge,becomingknowneveninhis20sforhispioneeringideasanduseofEinstein'sformulas,aswellashisquestioningofolder,establishedp
5、hysicists.In1968hejoinedthestaffoftheInstituteofAstronomyinCambridgeandbegantoapplythelawsofthermodynamicstoblackholesbymeansofverycomplicatedmathematics.Hepublishedtheverytechnicalbook,LargeScaleStructureofSpace-Timebutsoonafterwardsmadeastartlingdiscovery.Ithadalwaysbee
6、nthoughtthatnothingcouldescapeablackhole;Hawkingsuggestedthatundercertainconditions,ablackholecouldemitsubatomicparticles.ThatisnowknowasHawkingRadiation.Hecontinuedworkingonthetheoryoftheoriginoftheuniverse,andindoingsofoundwaystolinkrelativity(gravity)withquantummechani
7、cs(theinnerworkingsofatoms).ThiscontributedenormouslytowhatphysicistscallGrandUnifiedTheory,awayofexplaining,inoneequation,allphysicalmatterintheuniverse.2用心爱心专心Attheremarkablyyoungageof32,hewasnamedafellowoftheRoyalSociety.HereceivedtheAlbertEinsteinAward,themostprestigi
8、ousintheoreticalphysics.Andin1979,hewasappointedLucasianProfessorofMathematicsatCambridge,thesam
