Hawking, Stephen William

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1、学英语报社http://www.e-l-e.net.cn全新课标理念，优质课程资源Hawking,StephenWilliam(1942-),Britishtheoreticalphysicistandmathematicianwhosemainfieldofresearchhasbeenthenatureofspaceandtime,includingirregularitiesinspaceandtimeknownassingularities.Hawkinghasalsodevotedmuchofhislifetomakinghistheoriesaccessiblet

2、othepublicthroughlectures,books,andfilms.HawkingwasborninOxford,England,andheshowedexceptionaltalentinmathematicsandphysicsfromanearlyage.HeenteredOxfordUniversityin1958andbecameespeciallyinterestedinthermodynamics(thestudyoftheinteractionofmatterandenergy),relativitytheory,andquantummechan

3、ics(seeQuantumTheory).In1961heattendedasummercourseattheRoyalObservatorythatencouragedtheseinterests.Hecompletedhisundergraduatecoursesin1962andreceivedabachelor’sdegreeinphysics.Hawkingthenenrolledasaresearchstudentingeneralrelativityatthedepartmentofappliedmathematicsandtheoreticalphysics

4、attheUniversityofCambridge.HawkingearnedhisPh.D.degreefromTrinityCollegeattheUniversityofCambridgein1966.HestayedattheUniversityofCambridge,doingpost-doctoralresearch,untilhebecameaprofessorofphysicsin1977.HebecameoneoftheyoungestfellowsoftheRoyalSocietyin1974.In1979hewasappointedLucasianPr

5、ofessorofMathematicsatCambridge.Duringhispostgraduateprogram,HawkingwasdiagnosedashavingAmyotrophicLateralSclerosis(ALS),arareprogressivediseasethathandicapsmovementandspeech.ThisdiseasemakesitnecessaryforHawkingtocarryoutthelongandcomplexmathematicalcalculationsthathisworkrequiresinhishead

6、.Hehasbeenabletocontinuehisstudiesandtoembarkuponadistinguishedandproductivescientificcareerdespitehisillness.Fromitsearlieststages,Hawking’sresearchhasbeenconcernedwiththeconceptof第4页共4页学英语报社http://www.e-l-e.net.cn全新课标理念，优质课程资源singularities—breakdownsinspaceandtimewheretheclassiclawsofphys

7、icsnolongerapply.Thecombinationoftimeandthree-dimensionalspaceiscalledspace-time.Themostfamiliarexampleofasingularityisablackhole,thefinalformofacollapsedstar.Muchofwhatscientistsbelieveaboutspace-timecomesfromthetheoryofrelativity,whichwasdevelopedinthe