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1、Teirns（取5个，每个3分）TrickstertalesNativeAmericanoralliterature.Peopleareintheformofanimalorhalfhumanhalfanimal.Trickstercharactersexistinthemarginsofsocialworld,theyareresourcefulandclever.Theyattempttoviolateestablishedrulesandengageinsociallyunacceptableacts.OriginstoriesNativeAm
2、ericanoralliterature,creatortakestheanimalform.SunFathe匚EarthMother.HistoricalnarrativesNativeAmericanoralliterature.Amixoflegendandhistory.Thelinebetweenactualeventandtribalbeliefsisblurred.PuritanismDuringthecolonialperiodinAmerica.BeliefsheldbyPuritans:originalsin,electgroup
3、,receiveGocTsGrace,totaldepravity,awayoflifethatstresseshardwork,thrift,piety,andsobriety.TranscendentalismAmericanRomanticism^matureperiod・Itemphasizedthesignificanceoftheindividual.Itstressedthepowerofintuition.Spirittranscendedmatte匚Emerson^sNature.AllegoryAtaleinverseorpros
4、einwhichcharacters,settingsoractionsrepresentabstractideasormoralqualities.Anallegoryisastorywithtwomeanings:aliteralmeaningandasymbolicmeaning.Hawthorne^sDr.Heidegger"sExperimentFreeverseOrigin:inthe19thcentury,agroupofFrenchpoetsintendedtofreeFrenchpoetryfromrestrictionsoffor
5、malpattern.Itisakindofpoetrythatlacksregularmeter.Ithasrepetitionandparallelconstructions.Whitman^LeavesofGrass.RealismRealism(fromtheendofCivilWartotheyearbeforeWWI)emphasizesfidelityandaccurateobservationtoactualityoflife(objectivity),thusagainstromanticism^optimisticview.Iti
6、nsistsonprecisedescriptiontoeverydaysceneoflivesofcommonpeopleandpresentsmoralvisions.Itoftenhasanopen/surprisingending,forexample,OHenry'sTheLastLeaf.LocalColorismDominantinthelate1860sandearly1870s.Workscouldnotbewritteninanyotherplaceorbyanyoneelsethananative.Theaimistocreat
7、eanindigenouslittleworldthatdiffersfromtheworldoutside.MarkTwain'sRunningforGovernorNaturalismNaturalism(late19thc)triestoapplythedeterminismtofiction.Itbelievesthatapersoniscontrolledbyenvironmentandheredityandtheuniverseiscold,godless,indifferentandhostiletohumandesires.Forex
8、ample,JackLondon，sMoonFaceLostgenerationAppliedtoUSdis
