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1、ⅠColonialAmerica(17thcentury)殖民主义时期文学1.In1492,ChristopherColumbusdiscoveredAmericaandhemistookthenativepeopleonthenewcontinentforIndians.Characterofcolonialliterature:a.content:religious,politicalb.form:diary,journal,letters,travelbooks,sermons,history(personalliterature
2、)c.Style:simple.direct,concised.outofhumbleoriginsEarlyinthe17thcentury,theEnglishsettlementsinVirginiaandMassachusettsbeganthemainstreamofwhatwerecognizeastheAmericannationalhistory.TheearliestsettlersinAmericaincludedDutch,Swedes,Germans,French,Spaniards,ItaliansandPor
3、tuguese.ThefirstpermanentEnglishsettlementinNorthAmericawasestablishedatJamestown,Virginiain1607(北美弗吉尼亚詹姆斯顿)2.CaptainTownSmith,thefirstAmericanwriter3.PuritanThoughts:hardwork,thrift(节俭),piety(虔诚),sobriety(节制),这些也成了早期美国作品主导思想.典型的清教徒：JohnCotton&RogerWilliam,JohnCottonwasc
4、alled“thePatriarchofNewEngland(新英格兰教父)”清教徒采用的文学体裁：narratives(日记)andjournals(游记)清教徒在美国的写作内容：1）Theirvoyagetothenewland2）Adaptingthemselvestounfamiliarclimatesandcrops3）AboutdealingwithIndians4）Guidetothenewland,endlessbounty,invitationtoboldspirit4.Privateliterature:theolo
5、gical,moral,historical,political5.Theworkoftwowriters,AnneBradstreetandEdwardTaylor,rosetothelevelofrealpoetry.AnneBradstreetisoneofthemostinterestingoftheearlypoets,英国最早移民到美国的诗人.ThebestofthePuritanpoetswasEdwardTaylor.ⅡReasonandRevolution(18thcentury)理性和革命时期文学1.TheWarfo
6、rIndependence(1776-1783)endedintheformationofaFederativebourgeoisdemocraticrepublic-theUnitedStatesofAmerica.2.BourgeoisEnlightenment3.BenjaminFranklin:PoorRichard’sAlmanac(穷人理查德的年鉴),anannualcollectionofproverbs.TheAutobiography,18世纪美国唯一流传至今的自传nTheAutobiographyis,firstof
7、all,aPuritandocument.ItisPuritanbecauseitisarecordofself-examinationandself-improvement.ThePuritans,asatype,wereverymuchgiventoself-analysis.nTheAutobiographyshowsFranklinwasspokesmanfortheneworderof18th-centuryEnlightenment,andthatherepresentedinAmericaallitsideas,thatm
8、anisbasicallygoodandfree,bynatureendowedbyGodwithcertaininalienablerightsoflibertyandthepursuitofhappin
