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1、AmericanRomanticism时代背景TimeRange:Fromtheendofthe18thcenturythroughtheoutbreakoftheCivilWar.=Thetimeofwestwardmovement=politicalequality&democracybecametheideaofthenewnation.=thespreadofindustrialism,immigrantsandthe“pioneers”produceeconomicgrowth.=Acontrastwithclassicism，Aroma
2、nticattitude=Individualism.=ForeigninfluencefromGreatEnglishandFrenchromanticauthorsFeaturesAmericanRomanticismwasbothimitativeandindependent.Imitative:EnglishandEuropeanRomanticists,abouthome,family,nature,childrenandidealizedlove,etc.Independent:EmersonandWhitman,onmajorprob
3、lemsofAmericanlife,likethewestwardexpansionanddemocracyandequality,etc.Themes:Americalife,Primitivism,Thecelebrationofnaturalbeautyandthesimplelife,Commonman,Interestinthepicturesquepast,Interestintheremoteplaces,medievalism,Antiquarianism,Individualism,Historicalromance主要作家作品
4、：WashingtonIrving’sTheSketchBookWhitman’sLeavesofGrassNathanielHawthorn’sScarletLetterAmericanRealism(1865----1910)时代时期：AftermathoftheCivilWarSocialProblems:deteriorationofmoralvalues;extremesofwealthandpoverty;majoritystruggledforsurvivalQuestionontheTranscendentalists’assump
5、tionsAgreatinterestintherealitiesoflifethefrontierwasclosingThespiritofself-reliancebecamepervertedintoadmirationfordrivingambition,alustformoneyandpower.Inthemeantime,lifeforthemillionswasfastbecomingastruggleforsurvival.Whathadbeenexpectedtobea“GoldenAge”turnedouttobea“Gilde
6、d”one.Features1.Anti-romantic,anti-sentimental;truthfuldescriptionoflife2.Typicalcharacterandplotundertypicalsetting3.Objectiveratherthanidealizedviewofhumannatureandexperience4.ConcernforsocialandpsychologicalproblemsThemeindividualcharactersconfrontedbyhardshipsandmoraldilem
7、ma.ExposethevalueofcommonhumanityMiserableconditionscausedbyCapitalizedIndustrialism主要作家作品WilliamDeanHowells:AModernInstanceHenryJames:TheAmericanMarkTwain:TheAdventureofTomSawyerAmericanModernism(1910s—1945)背景：1.TheInfluenceoftheWWI:AstrongerimageofAmericaininternationalarena
8、;Theeconomicboom-adeceptiveaffluence;Thedevelopmentofanewtype
