美国文学史期末考试资料

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1、殖民时期的美国:ColonialAmerica 17c早——18c末1.   从英国探险者和殖民者在新大陆的作品开始，描述他们在新大陆真实而精力充沛的冒险。2.   另一类为清教作品 PhilipFreneau菲利普·费瑞诺：第一位美国抒情诗人兼记者“FatherofAmericanPoetry”(美国诗歌之父) Puritanism:清教主义AmericanPuritanisminfluencesonAmericanliterature:1. Idealismandoptimism理想主义和乐观

2、主义2. Symbolism象征主义3. Simplicity.简洁 1.Edwards爱德华兹：thefirstmodernAmericancanthecountry’slastmedievalman.“thecurrentofTranscendentalism,originatinginthepietyofthePuritans,vecomingaphilosophyinJonathanEdwards,passingthroughEmerson.”超验论由清教徒的虔诚演变而来在乔纳森·爱德华兹

3、的哲理得到发展继而传给爱默生4、典型的清教徒：JohnCotton&RogerWilliam他们的不同：JohnCottonwasmuchmoreconcernedwithauthoritythanwithdemocracy;WilliambeginsthehistoryofreligioustolerationinAmerica.5、William的宗教观点：Tolerationdidnotstemfromalackofreligiousconvictions.Instead,itsprangf

4、romtheideathatsimplytobevirtuousinconductanddevoutinbeliefdidnotgiveanyonetherighttoforcebeliefonothers.HealsofeltthatnopoliticalorderorchurchsystemcouldidentifyitselfdirectlywithGod.行为上的德，信仰上的诚，并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。6、英国最早移民到美

5、国的诗人：AnneBradstreet7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：thebestofPuritanpoetsisEdwardTayor.学习指南：1、CouldyougiveadescriptionofAmericanPuritans?关于美国清教徒的描绘   LiketheirbrothersbackinEngland,wereidealists,believingthatthechurchshouldberestoredtothe"purity"ofthefirst-centurychur

6、chasestablishedbyJesusChristhimself.Tothemreligionwasamatterofprimaryimportance.TheymadeittheirchiefbusinesstoseethatmanlivedandthoughtandactedinawaywhichtendedtothegloryofGod.Theyacceptedthedoctrineofpredestination,originalsinandtotaldepravity,andlim

7、itedatonementthroughaspecialinfusionofgracefromGod,allthatJohnCalvin,thegreatFrenchtheologianwholivedinGenevahadpreached.Itwasthiskindofreligiousbeliefthattheybroughtwiththemintothewildness.TheretheymeaanttoprovethatwereGod'schosenpeopleenjoyinghisble

8、ssingsonthisearthasinHeaven.2、Hardwork,thrift,pietyandsobrietywerethePuritanvaluesthatdominatedmuchoftheearliestAmericanwriting.3、Theworkoftwowriters,AnneBradstreet&EdwardTaylor,rosetothelevelofrealpoetry.4、TheearliestsettlersincludedDutch,Swe