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ID:414708
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页数:8页
时间:2017-07-30
《集群和比较优势:产业政策的启示【外文翻译】》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、本科毕业论文外文翻译外文题目:ClustersandComparativeAdvantage:ImplicationsforIndustrialPolicy出处:Inter-AmericanDevelopmentBank作者:AndrésRodríguez-ClareAbstractIndustrialagglomerationsor“clusters”ariseinthepresenceofindustry-specificandlocalexternalities,alsocalledMarshallianexternalities.Thestandardar
2、gumentisthatsuchexternalitiesmayjustifyapolicyofinfant-industryprotectiontoallowandencourageclusterstoemerge.Thispaperexploresthatargumentandshowsthatdifferentpolicyimplicationsemergeunderamorerealisticmodelingofclusters.Inparticular,ratherthandistortingpricestopromoteclustersin“advan
3、ced”sectorsthatmayexhibitstrongclusteringpossibilities,countriesshouldfocusinsteadonpromotingclusteringincurrentsectorsthathavedemonstratedthestrongestcomparativeadvantage.Importsubstitutionisnotaproperwaytoachievesuchagoal.IntroductionThereisalongtraditionamongbothacademicsanddevelop
4、mentpractitionersthatassociateseconomicdevelopmentwiththerealizationofagglomerationeconomies.Inpolicycircles,thisisevidentinthefocuson“clusters”asanimportantconceptinunderstandinggrowthandinthinkingaboutdevelopmentpolicy(Porter,1990).Clustersariseinthepresenceof“Marshallianexternaliti
5、es,”accordingtowhichfirmsbenefitfromtheproductionandinnovationactivitiesofneighboringfirmsinthesameandrelatedindustries.Thereisabundantevidencethatsuchexternalitiesexistandleadtoindustry-levelagglomeration(RosenthalandStrange,2003).ButwhatistheappropriatepolicyinthepresenceofMarshalli
6、anexternalities(ME)?Fromaclassicaloptimal-policyperspective,thecorrectapproachwouldbetoprovideaproductionsubsidytofirmsgeneratingME,withthesubsidycalibratedtomatchthestrengthoftheexternality.Theproblem,ofcourse,isthatthisplacesverystringentinformationrequirementsonpolicy.Thegeneralimp
7、ressionisthat“advanced”or“technology-intensive”sectorsaretheoneswhereMEarestrongest,andrecentempiricalevidenceappearstobeconsistentwiththisimpression.Doesthisvalidatethecommonsuggestionthatcountriesshouldpromotedevelopmentoftechnologicallyadvancedsectors,perhapsthroughImportSubstituti
8、on?In
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