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1、ImprovingCompetitivenessCriticalsuccessfactorsfortourismdevelopmentRhodriThomasandJonathanLongABSTRACTForavarietyofreasonsanincreasingnumberoflocalauthoritiesandotheragencieshaveturnedtotourismasameansofeconomicdevelopment.Todate,however,thelevelofactivityamongpolicymakershasnotbeenmatchedbyresear
2、chthatmightinformtheirdeliberations.Althoughtheimportanceofdemand-relatedissues-suchasthepromotionofparticulardestinations-isrecognised,thispapersht/Isthefocustotheneglectedissueofsectorsupply.Itarguesthatiftourismistocontributetoeconomicdevelopmentthatissustainable,private-andpublic-sectorfacilit
3、ies(suchasattractionsorhotels)mustbenationally-andofteninternationally-competitive.Thepaperproposesamodelforunderstandingthecompetitivenessofotganisationsinthesectorandreportsthefindingsofitsapplicationinacasestudyofeastandsouth-eastLondon.INTRODUCTIONLocalauthoritiesandotheragenciesintheUKhavetur
4、nedincreasinglytotourismasameansofgeneratingincomeandcreatingemployment(CharltonandEssex,1996).Suchactivityisnotnewnorthesolepreserveofobvioustouristdestinations(BuckleyandWin,1985;1989;LongandWalke,1990).Indeed,itisinterestingthatbetween1994and1996,12ofthe13areasoftheUKeligibleforObjective2fundin
5、g(definedthenasregionsofindustrialdecline)includedaspectsoftourismdevelopmentintheirregenerationstrategies(Thomas,1996).Yettherehasbeenrelativelylittleresearchintotheefficacyofpromotingtourismasaformofeconomicdevelopmentorregeneration,Thus,somecommentatorsarguethattherehasbeena“somewhatuncriticalb
6、andwagonofinterest”(HudsonandTownsend,1993,50)intourismdevelopmentandthatlocalauthoritieshavetakendecisionswithoutadequateinformationonitsprobableeconomicoremploymentimpacts.Further,concernhasbeenexpressedaboutthequalityofthejobscreated,withmajoreffectsseenasthegenerationof¡®peripheral”employment(
7、Williams,1997)orgreaterinformaleconomicactivity(ThomasandThomas1994;WilliamsandThomas,1996).Others,suchasShawandWilliams(1998),havepointedtothedangersofeconomicsbecomingtoodependentupontourism,giventheoftenunpred
