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1、本科毕业论文外文翻译外文题目：Internationaltradeandindustrialupgradingintheapparelcommoditychain出处：JournalofInternationalEconomics作者：GaryGereffiAbstractThisarticleusesaglobalcommoditychainsperspectivetoanalyzethesocialandorganizationaldimensionsofinternationaltradenetworks.Inlinkin
2、ginternationaltradeandindustrialupgrading,thisarticlespecifies:themechanismsbywhichorganizationallearningoccursintradenetworks;typicaltrajectoriesfromassemblytoOEMandOBMexportroles;andtheorganizationalconditionsthatfacilitateindustrialupgradingmovessuchastheshiftfrom
3、assemblytofull-packagenetworks.Theempiricalfocusistheapparelindustry,withanemphasisonAsia.Globalizationhasalteredthecompetitivedynamicsofnations,firms,andindustries.Thisismostclearlyseeninchangingpatternsofinternationaltrade,wheretheexplosivegrowthofimportsindevelope
4、dcountriesindicatesthatthecenterofgravityfortheproductionandexportofmanymanufactureshasmovedtoaneverexpandingarrayofnewlyindustrializingeconomies(NIEs)intheThirdWorld.Thisshiftiscentraltothe‘EastAsianmiracle,’whichreferstothehandfulofhigh-performingAsianeconomiesthat
5、haveattainedloftypercapitagrowthrates,relativelylowincomeinequality,higheducationalattainment,recordlevelsofdomesticsavingandinvestment,andboomingexportsfromthe1960stothemid-1990s(WorldBank,1993).Regardlessofwhetherthegrowthisduetoproductivitygainsortocapitalaccumula
6、tion(Krugman,1994;Young,1994,1995),theireconomicachievementislargelyattributedtotheadoptionofexport-orientedindustrializationastheregion’smaindevelopmentstrategy.ThisviewofinternationaltradeasthefulcrumforsustainedeconomicgrowthinEastAsia,whileunassailableinitsmacroe
7、conomicbasics,nonethelessleavesanumberofcriticalquestionsunansweredintermsofthemicroinstitutionalfoundationssupportingEastAsiandevelopment.WhywereJapanandtheEastAsianNIEs(SouthKorea,Taiwan,HongKongandSingapore)sosuccessfulinexportingtodistantWesternmarkets,giventhefo
8、rmidablespatialandculturaldistancesthathadtobebridged?HowweretheseEastAsiannationsabletosustaintheirhighratesofexport-orientedgrowt
