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1、外文翻译原文GlobalApparelandTextileSupplyChainsasaRouteforIndustrialUpgradingMaterialSource:WorkingPapersVolumeIAuthor:PeterG.PetersonEgyptaftertheMulti-FiberArrangement:GlobalApparelandTextileSupplyChainsasaRouteforIndustrialUpgradingWhatcanacountrylikeEgyptlearnf
2、romthesuccessoftheEastAsiancountriesinusingtheapparelindustrytodriveexport-ledgrowth?Throughoutthe1970sand1980s,insomeareaslikeTaiwan,SouthKorea,andHongKong,exportinglightmanufactureslikeapparelhelpedspuraprocessofindustrialupgradingandeconomicdevelopment.The
3、successoftheseareashasledmanyresearcherstoexplorewhethertheprocesscanbereplicatedinotherdevelopingeconomies.Intheclassicpathofupgrading,firmsbeginwithlowvalue-addedassemblyofgarmentsforbuyersindevelopedcountriesand,astheircapabilitiesincreaseovertime,moveupth
4、esupplychaintohighervalue-addedsegments.Throughaprocessoftechnologytransfer,learningbydoinginresponsetoincreasinginteractionwithdemandingcustomersindevelopedmarkets,participatinginglobalsupplychainsallowedandindeedrequiredcompaniesinEastAsiatoupgradetheirmanu
5、facturingandmanagerialcapabilities.Astheseindustriesgrewandincreasedtheirdemandforlocally-sourcedinputs,theirdevelopmenthadbeneficialspillovereffectstothelocaleconomyasawhole.TheapparelindustrythatremainsanattractiveonefordevelopingcountrieslikeEgypt-garmentp
6、roductionislow-capitalandhigh-laborintensive,andthelocalpopulationof66millionprovidesanaturalmarketforoutputandaspringboardforexports.Theindustryaccountsforabout20percentofallofEgypt’sexportsandemploysnearly30percentofmanufacturingemployment,suggestingthatith
7、asastrongfoundation.Unfortunately,asmoreandmorecountriestrysimultaneouslytousetheapparelsectortoreplicatethesuccessoftheEastAsiannewlyindustrializedcountries(NICs),competitionincreases,andthechancesofwinningdecrease.PerhapsthegreatestchallengeisposedbyChina,w
8、hereisacombinationofalarge,low-wageworkforce,highlyautomatedplants,andaccessestolowercostinputslikefabricandtrim,makesthecountryatremendousforcewithwhichtobereckoned.Indeed,withtheaccessi
