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1、RevisionContents:Unit1LanguageandLearning1.Whatarethemajorviewsoflanguage?Whataretheirimplicationstolanguageteachingorlearning?StructuralView:Itseeslanguageasalinguisticsystemmadeupofvarioussubsystem:fromphonological,morphological,lexical,etc.tosentence.Eachlanguagehasafinitenumber
2、ofsuchstructuralitems.Tolearnalanguagemeanstolearnthesestructuralitemssoastobeabletounderstandandproducelanguage.Audiolingualapproach:Theteachingofasecondlanguagethroughimitation,repetition,andreinforcement.Itemphasizestheteachingofspeakingandlisteningbeforereadingandwritingandtheu
3、seofmothertongueintheclassroomisnotallowed.Theprincipalfeaturesofaudiolingualismareanemphasisonstructuresinthelanguagewhichcanbelearnedasregularpatternsofverbalbehaviorandthebeliefthatlearningisaprocessofhabitformation.FunctionalView:Itseeslanguageasalinguisticsystembutalsoasameans
4、fordoingthings.Mostofourday-to-daylanguageuseinvolvesfunctionalactivities:offering,suggesting,advising,apologizing,etc.Therefore,learnerslearnalanguageinordertodothingswithit.Toperformfunctions,learnersneedtoknowhowtocombinethegrammaticalrulesandthevocabularytoexpressnotionsthatper
5、formthefunctions.Communicativeapproachesarebasedonthisviewoflanguage.InteractionalView:Itconsiderslanguageasacommunicativetool,whosemainuseistobuildupandmaintainsocialrelationsbetweenpeople.Therefore,learnersnotonlyneedtoknowthegrammarandvocabularyofthelanguage,butalsoneedtoknowthe
6、rulesforusingtheminawholerangeofcommunicativecontext.Someofthelanguagelearningapproachesandmethodsbasedonthisviewoflanguageare:Strategicinteraction;communicativeapproaches.2.WhatarethemajorViewsonlanguagelearning?Whataretheirimplicationstolanguageteaching?BehaviouralisttheoryBasedo
7、nthetheoryofconditioning,Skinnersuggestedlanguageisalsoaformofbehaviour.Itcanbelearnedthesamewayasananimalistrainedtorespondtostimuli.Thistheoryoflanguagelearningisreferredtoasbehaviouralism,whichwasadoptedforsometimebythelanguageteachingprofession,particularlyinAmerica.Oneinfluent
8、ialresultistheaudio-lingua