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1、RevisionContents:Unit1LanguageandLearning1.Whatarethemajorviewsoflanguage?Whataretheirimplicationstolanguageteachingorlearning?StructuralView:Itseeslanguageasalinguisticsystemmadeupofvarioussubsystem:fromphonological,morphological,lexical,etc.tosentence.Ea
2、chlanguagehasafinitenumberofsuchstructuralitems.Tolearnalanguagemeanstolearnthesestructuralitemssoastobeabletounderstandandproducelanguage.Audiolingualapproach:Theteachingofasecondlanguagethroughimitation,repetition,andreinforcement.Itemphasizestheteaching
3、ofspeakingandlisteningbeforereadingandwritingandtheuseofmothertongueintheclassroomisnotallowed.Theprincipalfeaturesofaudiolingualismareanemphasisonstructuresinthelanguagewhichcanbelearnedasregularpatternsofverbalbehaviorandthebeliefthatlearningisaprocessof
4、habitformation.FunctionalView:Itseeslanguageasalinguisticsystembutalsoasameansfordoingthings.Mostofourday-to-daylanguageuseinvolvesfunctionalactivities:offering,suggesting,advising,apologizing,etc.Therefore,learnerslearnalanguageinordertodothingswithit.Top
5、erformfunctions,learnersneedtoknowhowtocombinethegrammaticalrulesandthevocabularytoexpressnotionsthatperformthefunctions.Communicativeapproachesarebasedonthisviewoflanguage.InteractionalView:Itconsiderslanguageasacommunicativetool,whosemainuseistobuildupan
6、dmaintainsocialrelationsbetweenpeople.Therefore,learnersnotonlyneedtoknowthegrammarandvocabularyofthelanguage,butalsoneedtoknowtherulesforusingtheminawholerangeofcommunicativecontext.Someofthelanguagelearningapproachesandmethodsbasedonthisviewoflanguageare
7、:Strategicinteraction;communicativeapproaches.2.WhatarethemajorViewsonlanguagelearning?Whataretheirimplicationstolanguageteaching?39BehaviouralisttheoryBasedonthetheoryofconditioning,Skinnersuggestedlanguageisalsoaformofbehaviour.Itcanbelearnedthesamewayas
8、ananimalistrainedtorespondtostimuli.Thistheoryoflanguagelearningisreferredtoasbehaviouralism,whichwasadoptedforsometimebythelanguageteachingprofession,particularlyinAmerica.Oneinfluentialresultistheaudio-ling
