2003 Steiner Ideational grammatical metaphor

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1、IdeationalgrammaticalmetaphorExploringsomeimplicationsfor

2、theoverallmodel*ErichSteinerUniversitätdesSaarlandesInthispaperIwanttoexplorethesystemic-functionalnotionof‘grammati-calmetaphor’fromacross-linguisticperspective.Afterabriefintroductiontotheconceptof‘grammaticalmetaphor’,Ishalldiscussthedistinctionbetween‘congruen

3、t’and‘metaphorical’encodingsofmeaning,aswellasthedistinctionbetweenrankshift,transcategorization,andgrammaticalmeta-phorassemogenicresources(Section1).Inasecondsection,IshallthenfocusonideationalgrammaticalmetaphorsinEnglishandGermanandrevisitthenotionofdirectvs.i

4、ndirectmappingofexperientialandlogicalsemanticsontolexicogrammar(Section2).Itwillbearguedthat‘directnessofencoding’withinonelanguagecanbedefinedwiththehelpoftheconceptof‘transparency’or‘motivation’ofencodingbetweenlevels.Acrossandbetweenlanguages,however,thenotiono

5、f‘directness’eitherhastobeseenfromtheperspectiveofoneofthelanguagesinvolved,orfromtheperspec-tiveofageneralizedsemanticsandgrammar.InSection3,Ishallthenex-plorethequestionoftheexperientialvs.logicalencodingofsemanticcatego-riesacrosslanguages,andofhowthisrelatesto

6、metaphoricity.Ishallexem-plifyanddiscussthefactthatincross-linguisticanalyses,onecannotconsid-eranyoneofagivensetofexperientialorlogicalencodingsofsomeunitofmeaningas‘congruent’or‘direct’,aslongasonedoesnothaveacross-linguisticsemanticstoestablish‘motivation’and‘t

7、ransparentness’on.Itwillalsobearguedthatsomeofthedifferencesintextsacrosslanguagesastowhatcountsas‘congruent’canbepredictedfromcomparisonsbetweenthelanguage-specificgrammaticalsystemsinvolved.Otherdifferences,however,seemtorelyheavilyonregisterialinfluencesandcultural

8、factors.InSec-tion4,then,Ishallinquireintothequestionofwhetherandpreciselyinwhatsensewecanspeakoftwodifferenttypesofgrammaticalmetaphor,dependentonwhethe