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1、NatLangLinguistTheory(2011)29:503543DOI10.1007/s11049-011-9128-2ThegradualemergenceofphonologicalforminanewlanguageWendySandler·MarkAronoff·IritMeir·CarolPaddenReceived:24March2009/Accepted:2December2009/Publishedonline:23April2011©SpringerScience+BusinessMediaB.V.2011AbstractThed
2、ivisionoflinguisticstructureintoameaningless(phonological)levelandameaningfullevelofmorphemesandwordsisconsideredabasicdesignfea-tureofhumanlanguage.Althoughestablishedsignlanguages,likespokenlanguages,havebeenshowntobecharacterizedbythisbifurcation,noinformationhasbeenavailableab
3、outthewayinwhichsuchstructurearises.Wereporthereonanewlyemergingsignlanguage,Al-SayyidBedouinSignLanguage,whichfunctionsasafulllanguagebutinwhichaphonologicallevelofstructurehasnotyetemerged.Earlyindicationsofformalregularitiesprovidecluestothewayinwhichphonologi-calstructuremayde
4、velopovertime.KeywordsPhonology·Dualityofpatterning·SignlanguageInthemiddleofthelastcentury,AndréMartinetandCharlesHockettdiscoveredanotablefeatureofhumanlanguagethatMartinet(1960)calleddoublearticulationW.Sandler()DepartmentofEnglishLanguageandLiterature,UniversityofHaifa,31905H
5、aifa,Israele-mail:wsandler@research.haifa.ac.ilM.AronoffDepartmentofLinguistics,SUNYStonyBrook,StonyBrook,NY11794-4376,USAe-mail:mark.aronoff@stonybrook.eduI.MeirDepartmentofHebrewLanguage,DepartmentofCommunicationDisorders,UniversityofHaifa,31905Haifa,Israele-mail:imeir@univ.haif
6、a.ac.ilC.PaddenDepartmentofCommunication,UniversityofCaliforniaSanDiego,LaJolla,CA92093-0503,USAe-mail:cpadden@ucsd.edu504W.Sandleretal.andHockett(1960)calleddualityofpatterning,andwhichthelatteridentifiedasthelastofhisthirteendesignfeaturesofhumanlanguages.Dualityofpatterning,whic
7、hisfoundinallknownspokenlanguagesandnotinthenaturalcommunicationsystemsofanimals,istheexistenceinalinguisticsystemoftwolevelsofcombina-torialstructure.Atthefirstlevel,meaningfulelements(morphemesandwords)arecombinedintolargermeaningfulunits;atthesecondlevel,phonology,meaninglessele
8、ments(speechsounds)arecombinedtof
