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1、文学术语汇编(考研用)11.Literatureoftheabsurd:(荒诞派文学)Thetermisappliedtoanumberofworksindramaandprosefictionwhichhaveincommonthesensethatthehumanconditionisessentiallyabsurd,andthatthisconditioncanbeadequatelyrepresentedonlyinworksofliteraturethatarethemselvesabsur
2、d.ThecurrentmovementemergedinFranceaftertheSecondWorldWar,asarebellionagainstessentialbeliefsandvaluesoftraditionalcultureandtraditionalliterature.Theyholdthebeliefthatahumanbeingisanisolatedexistentwhoiscastintoanalienuniverseandthehumanlifeinitsfruitle
3、sssearchforpurposeandmeaningisbothanguishandabsurd.2.Theateroftheabsurd:(荒诞派戏剧)belongstoliteratureoftheabsurd.TworepresentativesofthisschoolareEugeneIonesco,FrenchauthorofTheBaldSoprano(1949)(此作品中文译名<秃头歌女>),andSamuelBeckett,IrishauthorofWaitingforGodot(1
4、954)(此作品是荒诞派戏剧代表作<等待戈多>).Theyprojecttheirrationalism,helplessnessandabsurdityoflifeindramaticformsthatrejectrealisticsettings,logicalreasoning,oracoherentlyevolvingplot.3.Blackcomedyorblackhumor:(黑色幽默)itmostlyemployedtodescribebaleful,naïve,orineptcharac
5、tersinafantasticornightmarishmodernworldplayingouttheirrolesinwhatIonescocalleda“tragicfarce”,inwhichtheeventsareoftensimultaneouslycomic,horrifying,andabsurd.JosephHeller’sCatch-22(美国著名作家约瑟夫海勒<二十二条军规>)canbetakenasanexampleoftheemploymentofthistechnique.
6、文学术语汇编24.AestheticismortheAestheticMovement（唯美主义）:itbegantoprevailinEuropeatthemiddleofthe19thcentury.Thetheoryof“artforart’ssake”wasfirstputforwardbysomeFrenchartists.Theydeclaredthatartshouldservenoreligious,moralorsocialpurpose.Thetwomostimportantrepr
7、esentativesofaestheticistsinEnglishliteratureareWaltPaterandOscarWilde.5.Allegory（寓言）:ataleinverseorproseinwhichcharacters,actions,orsettingsrepresentabstractideasormoralqualities,suchasJohnBunyan’sThePilgrim’sProgress.Anallegoryisastorywithtwomeanings,a
8、literalmeaningandasymbolicmeaning.6.Fable（寓言）:isashortnarrative,inproseorverse,thatexemplifiesanabstractmoralthesisorprincipleofhumanbehavior.Mostcommonisthebeastfable,inwhichanimalstalkandactlikethehumantypestheyrepresent
