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ColonialAmerican(Early17thCentury–TheEndof18theCentury) ChineseConfucianismAmericanPuritanismThebeliefsandpracticescharacteristicofPuritans(mostofwhomwereCalvinistswhowishedtopurifytheChurchofEnglandofitsCatholicaspects)ThefoundingfathersofAmerica AmericanPuritans:thefoundingfathersSelf-assertedGod-chosenpeoplewithastrongsenseofmissiontobuildthewildernessintoanewGardenofEdenaccordingtotheirownidealasNottoleranttodissenters:StrictnessandausterityinconductandreligionCalvinistsPracticalidealistsAgroupofreligiouspeoplewithaparticularstateofmind:JohnCalvin(1509–27)wasaninfluentialFrenchtheologianandpastorduringtheProtestantReformation.PuritansbelievedthathumanbeingswerepredestinedbyGodbeforetheywereborn.SomewereGod'schosenpeople(God'select上帝的选民)whileotherswerepredestinedtobedamnedtohell.Thesuccessofone'sworkortheprosperityinhiscallinggivenbyGodwasthesignofbeingGod'select.Therefore,everyonemustworkhard,spendlittleandinvestformorebusiness.Workinghardandlivingamorallifeweretheirethics.TheyregardedBibletobetheauthorityoftheirdoctrine.TobeabletoreadtheBibleandunderstandGod'swill,educationwasessentialforPuritans. TheshapinginfluenceofPuritanismuponAmericanLiteratureAmericanliterature:TheexpressionoftheAmericanPuritanbequestFortheestablishmentoftheGardenofEden(practiceoftheGod-endowedmission)withtheindomitablecourageandconfidenthope,firedwithasenseofmissionandthespiritofoptimismTheinevitableoutcome---themoodoffrustrationanddespair---inthewakeoftheinitialoptimismandidealismSymbolismaspartofAmericanintellectualtradition:ametaphoricalmodeofperceptionSimplicityinwritingtechniqueThephysicalphenomenalworldisasymbolofGod.Physicallifewassimultaneouslyspiritual;everypassageoflife,enmeshedinthevastcontextofGod’splan,possessedadelegatedmeaning.Theworldwas,inaword,oneofmultiplesignificance. Makeme,OLord,thySpinningWheelecompleat; ThyHolyWordemyDistaffmakeformee. MakemineAffectionsthySwiftFlyersneate, AndmakemySoulethyholySpooletobee. MyConversationmaketobethyReele, AndreeletheyarnthereonspunofthyWheele.MakemethyLoomethen,knitthereinthisTwine: AndmakethyHolySpirit,Lord,windequills: ThenweavetheWebthyselfe.Theyarnisfine.ThineOrdinancesmakemyFullingMills. ThendythesameinHeavenlyColoursChoice, AllpinktwithVarnish'tFlowersofParadise.Edward Taylor艾德華．泰勒HuswiferyThencloaththerewithmineUnderstanding,Will, Affections,Judgment,Conscience,Memory; MyWordsandActions,thattheirshinemayfill Mywayeswithgloryandtheeglorify. ThenmineapparellshalldisplaybeforeyeeThatIamCloathdinHolyrobesforglory. TheliterarysceneinColonialAmericaHumbleorigins:personalliteratureinitsvariousformsTheimitationofBritishliteratureTraditionColonialAuthors:JohnSmithWilliamBradfordJohnWinthropAnneBradstreetEdwardTaylorRogerWilliamsThomasPaineJohnWoolmanPhilipFreneauCharlesBrownThemes:ThegloryofGodWestwardexpansionFrontierlifeSoul-searchingConflictsbetweenthephysicalandspiritualReligiousandcivilfreedomIndigenousIndiancultureandlifeIndigenoussceneryandlifeSpiritofnationalismPsychologicalstudying PhilipMorinFreneau(January2,1752–December18,1832)wasanotableAmericanpoet,nationalist,sometimescalledthe"PoetoftheAmericanRevolution".Fairflower,thatdostsocomelygrow,Hidinthissilent,dullretreat,Untouchedthyhoney’dblossomsblow,Unseenthylittlebranchesgreet;...Norovingfootshallcrushtheehere,...Nobusyhandprovokeatear.ByNature'sselfinwhitearrayed,Shebadetheeshunthevulgareye,Andplantedheretheguardianshade,Andsentsoftwatersmurmuringby;...Thusquietlythysummergoes,...Thydaysdecliningtorepose.Smitwiththosecharms,thatmustdecay,Igrievetoseeyourfuturedoom;Theydied--norwerethoseflowersmoregay,TheflowersthatdidinEdenbloom;...Unpityingfrosts,andAutumn'spower...Shallleavenovestigeofthisflower.FrommorningsunsandeveningdewsAtfirstthylittlebeingcame:Ifnothingonce,younothinglose,Forwhenyoudieyouarethesame;...Thespacebetween,isbutanhour,...Thefraildurationofaflower.TheWildHoney-Suckle 18thCentury---TheageofreasonBenjaminFranklinJonathanEdwardsReligiousidealismLevelheadedcommonsenseMaterialismImmaterialismTwofacetedtraditionofAmericanPuritanism*Enlightenment:theageofreason *Newtonianconceptoftheuniverseassomethingmechanical *Deism*CalvinistviewoftheuniverseVS. BenjaminFranklinThesymbolofAmericaintheageofEnlightenment;thefirstself-madeAmericanmantorealizeAmericandream JonathanEdwards“…thecurrentofTranscendentalism,originatinginthepietyofthePuritans,becomingaphilosophyinJonathanEdwards,passingthroughEmerson,producingtherefinementandaloofnessofthechiefAmericanwriters…”TheFreedomoftheWillTheGreatDoctrineofOriginalSinDefendedTheNatureofTrueVirtuePersonalNarrativeanticipatingthenaturesymbolism J.HectorSt.JohndeCrèvecœurAnoteofpessimismindicatingtheillusorynatureofAmericandream
