83,Strategies of Discourse Comprehension

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1、StrategiesofDiscourseComprehensionTeunA.vanDijkWalterKintsch1983NewYork:AcademicPressGUATEMALA:NOCHOICES*ComparedwiththerelativeshadesofgrayinElSalvador,Guatemalaisa,studyinblackandwhite.OntheleftisacollectionofextremeMarxist-Leninistgroupsledbywhatonediplomatcalls“aprettyfacelessbunch

2、ofpeople.’’OntherightisanentrenchedelitethathasdominatedCentralAmerica’smostpopulouscountrysinceaCIA-backedcoupdeposedthereformistgovernmentofCol.JacoboArbenzGuzmánin1954.Moderatesofthepoliticalcenter.embattledbutaliveinE1Salvador,havevirtuallydisappearedinGuatemala-joiningmorethan30.0

3、00victimsofterroroverthelasttifteenvears.“ThesituationinGuatemalaismuchmoreseriousthaninEISalvador,”declaresoneLatinAmericandiplomat.“Theoligarchyisthatmuchmorereactionary.andthechoicesarefarfewer.“‘Zero’:TheGuatemalanoligarchshatedJimmyCarterforcuttingoffU.S.militaryaidin1977toprotest

4、human-rightsabuses-andtheright-wingershiredmarimbabandsandsetofffirecrackersonthenightRonaldReaganwaselected.TheyconsideredReagananideologicalkinsmanandbelievedtheyhadaspecialfriendinWhiteHouseaideMichaelDeaver,whoseformerPRfirmhadrepresentedaGuatemalanbusinessmen’sgroup,LosAmigosdelPa

5、ís(FriendsoftheCountry).ButafterayearofReagan,theGuatemalanshavebeendisappointed.IfReagan’steamhasprovedfriendlierthanCarter’s,thepersistentU.S.demandsforpoliticalmoderationcontinuetograteontheGuatemalans.AsonediplomatintheGuatemalancapitalputsit.U.S.leverageontheregimeis“zero.”ColdSho

6、ulder:TheGuatemalanshavesnubbedvisitingU.S.congressmen.callingsomeofthem“communists.”TheyhaveevengiventhecoldshouldertoReagan’sspecialemissary,Gen.VernonWalters,whovisitedGuatemalatwicelastyear.OnthefirsttripGuatemala’sPresidentRomeoLucasGarciafinallyagreedtoreceiveWaltersatthelastminu

7、te.OnthesecondvisitthePresident’splanewaspreparingfortakeoffjustasWalters’slanded.“TheyfeeltheyarewagingourwarinCentralAmerica,andwe’renothelpingthem.”saysoneAmericaninGuatemala.“Theysay,‘We’dratherdoitwithyou-butwithyouorwithoutyou-we’lldoit’.”Thegovernmentiscertainlymakingeveryeffo