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1、StudiesinInteractionalSociolinguistics1DiscoursestrategiesCompaniontothisvolumeLanguageandsocialidentity,editedbyJohnJ.GumperzDiscoursestrategiesJOHNJ.GUMPERZProfessorofAnthropology,UniversityofCalifornia,BerkeleyCAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITYPRESSPUBLISHEDBYTHEPRESSSYNDICATEOFTHEUN
2、IVERSITYOFCAMBRIDGEThePittBuilding,TrumpingtonStreet,Cambridge,UnitedKingdomCAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITYPRESSTheEdinburghBuilding,CambridgeCB22RU,UKwww.cup.cam.ac.uk40West20thStreet,NewYork,NY10011-4211,USAwww.cup.org10StamfordRoad,Oakleigh,Melbourne3166,AustraliaRuizdeAlarcon13,2
3、8014Madrid,Spain©CambridgeUniversityPress1982Thisbookisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexceptionandtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress.Firstpublished1982Reprinted1983
4、,1984,1985,1987,1988,1989,1992,1994,1995,1998,1999TypesetinSabonAcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibraryLibraryofCongressCatalogcardnumber:81-20627ISBN0521288967paperbackTransferredtodigitalprinting2002ContentsPrefacepageviiAnoteonconventionsxi1Introducti
5、on12Thesociolinguisticsofinterpersonalcommunication93Socialnetworkandlanguageshift384Conversationalcodeswitching595Prosodyinconversation1006Contextualizationconventions1307Socio-culturalknowledgeinconversationalinference1538Interethniccommunication1729Ethnicstyleinpolitic
6、alrhetoric18710Postscript204Bibliography111Authorindex219Subjectindex221PrefaceThisbookseekstodevelopinterpretivesociolinguisticapproachestotheanalysisofrealtimeprocessesinfacetofaceencounters.Itgrewoutofapproximatelytenyearsoffieldstudiesofverbalcommunica-tioninIndia,Eur
7、opeandtheUnitedStates,originallyintendedtoanswerquestionsandtesthypothesesarisingfromearlierethno-graphicworkontherealizationofsocialcategoriesinlanguage(Blom&Gumperz1972,Gumperz1972).Detailedobservationofverbalstrategiesrevealedthatanindividual'schoiceofspeechstylehassym
8、bolicvalueandinterpretiveconsequencesthatcannotbeex-plainedsimplybycorrelatingtheincidenceofling
