4 Syntax练习

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1、ExercisestoChapter4SyntaxI.Generalviewofsyntax1.Syntax:studiestherulesgoverningthewaywordsarecombinedtoformsentences.2.gender:asmasculine,feminine,neuter,oranimate,andinanimate.3.case:thesyntaxticrelationshipbetweenwords.Teacher’s,kisshim宾格，主格，与格，芬兰语有15种格4．Concord:agreement:a

2、syntacticrelationshipagreewitheachother.5.Government:Aworddeterminestheformofothers.支配关系6.langueandparoleLangue:abstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.StabilityParole:actualspeech7.signified(concept)andsignifier(soundimage)1.所指2能指之间的关系是任意的8.syntagmati

3、candparadigmaticrelationsSyntagmatic:whatprecedesorfollows9.synchronicanddiachroniclinguistics10.“Rheme”“Theme”负载交际能力最小的是主位。负载交际能力最大的是述位。11.ICanalysis:toanalyzetherelationbetweensentenceanditscomponentelements.12.endocentricandexocentricconstructions向心，离心1．Whichservesacentreo

4、rhead.AP,NP,VP2.nodefinablecentreorhead.PP,V+O,be+A.无中心13.deepstructureandsurfacestructure1.underlyinglevelofstructuralrelation潜藏在人们意识中的结构2.closedtopeopleproducedandreceived.声音文字直接感受到的14.1.Whenwesaythatwecanchangethesecondwordinthesentence“Heiswaitingoutside”withanotherwordor

5、phrase.Wearetakingabout____insidethesentence.A.SyntacticrelationsB.paradigmaticrelationsBC.LinearrelationsD.Government2.Thepartofthegrammarthatrepresentsaspeaker’sknowledgeofthestructureofphrasesandsentencesiscalled______.A.LexiconB.morphologyC.SyntaxD.semanticsC3.Whatdoes‘IC

6、’standsforasasyntacticnotionandanalyticaltechnique?A.inferentialConnectiveB.inflectionalComponentC.ImmediateConstituentcD.ImplicativeCommunication4.IfwearetousethetechniqueofICanalysistoanalyzethesentence“Shebrokethewindowwithastoneyesterday”,whereisthefirstcut?Drawatreediagr

7、amofthissentence.A.betweenstoneandyesterdayB.betweensheandbrokeBC.betweenbrokeandthewindowD.betweenwindowandwith5.____isthedefiningpropertiesofunitslikenoun(number,gender,case)andverb(tense,aspect,etc.).A.partsofspeechB.WordclassesC.GrammaticalcategoriesCD.Functionsofwords6.W

8、hichofthefollowingitemsisnotoneofthegrammaticalcategoriesofEnglish?A