L-SYNTAX AND S-SYNTAX-CHAP6

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1、CHAPTER6L-SYNTAXANDS-SYNTAXInthischapterIlookmorecloselyatthedomainofphrasestructurebelowandabovetheEprojection.1WhatIhavebeencreatingbelowtheEprojectionisanarticulatedVP,whichencodespartsoftheverbmeaningthatareoftennotindependentlyrealized.Forinstance,whileinTagalogtheintrans

2、itiveverbdropandthetransitiveverbdroparedistinguishedthroughmorphology,inEnglishtheyarenot.Oneofthequestions,then,thatcanariseiswhetherornotthisisamatterofsyntaxorisitsomethingthatshouldbekeptinthelexicon.Inparticular,wewillseethatmanyofthephenomenadiscussedabovearequiteidiosy

3、ncraticintheirapplicationsuggestingthat,indeed,theyarepartoftheidiosyncraciesofthelexiconratherthanpartofthecomputationalsystemofsyntax.HaleandKeyser(1993)introduceanewleveltothegrammarbysuggestingthatsyntaxmaybedividedbetweenS-syntax(syntacticsyntax)andL-syntax(lexicalsyntax)

4、.Aswithanyinnovation,therangeofapplicationofthisnewlevelmustbemotivatedandconstrained.BelowIexaminethecharacteristicsofL-syntaxwiththeaimofbothdeterminingandrestrictingitsuse.IwillarguethateventrelatedcategoriessuchasASPandEVENTplayanimportantroleintherepresentationofeventstru

5、ctureinphrasestructureandthattheeventrelatedcategoryErepresentsthephrasestructureboundarybetweenL-syntaxandS-syntax.EvidencewillcomefromcausativesinTagalogandMalagasyandfromemptyanaphorsinTagalog.Byinvestigatingthesetwolanguages,issuesthatareobscuredinmanybetterstudiedlanguage

6、sbecomeclearer.1MuchofthematerialinthischapterappearedinTravis(2000).190L-SYNTAXANDS-SYNTAX1916.1BACKGROUNDHaleandKeyser(H&K1993)observe,followingClarkandClark(1979),thatdenominalverbssuchasshelveappearinstructuresthathaveanearparaphrasecontainingthenominal.Atypicalexampleofsu

7、chpairsisgivenin(265)below.(265)a.Thelibrarianputthebooksontheshelf.b.Thelibrarianshelvedthebooks.Theyarguethat,whiletraditionallysuchpairswouldonlyberelatedthroughsomemorphologicalrelationshipwithinthelexicon,infacttherelationcanbedescribedusingthevocabularyofsyntax.Theirargu

8、mentisthat,sincedenominalverbformationdisplaysthesamearrayofc