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1、DigDisSci(2009)54:431–457DOI10.1007/s10620-008-0656-5REVIEWTheCurrentStateofProteomicsinGIOncologyYingLinÆWilliamS.DynanÆJeffreyR.LeeÆZhao-HuaZhuÆRobertR.SchadeReceived:27December2007/Accepted:25November2008/Publishedonline:23December2008ÓTheAuthor(s)2008.Thisarticleispublishedw
2、ithopenaccessatSpringerlink.comAbstractProteomicsreferstothestudyoftheentiresetdiseaserecurrence,andidentificationoftargetsforindi-ofproteinsinagivencellortissue.Withtheextensivevidualizedtherapy.developmentofproteinseparation,massspectrometry,andbioinformaticstechnologies,clinic
3、alproteomicshasshownKeywordsClinicalproteomicsitspotentialasapowerfulapproachforbiomarkerdis-GastrointestinaloncologyMassspectrometrycovery,particularlyintheareaofoncology.Morethan130Biomarkerdiscoveryexploratorystudieshavedefinedcandidatemarkersinserum,gastrointestinal(GI)flui
4、ds,orcancertissue.Inthisarticle,weintroducethecommonlyadoptedproteomicTheterm‘‘proteome,’’coinedin1995,isanalogoustotechnologiesanddescriberesultsofacomprehensive‘‘genome,’’andwasinitiallyusedtodescribe‘‘theentirereviewofstudiesthathaveappliedthesetechnologiestoGIcomplementofpro
5、teinsexpressedbyagenome,cell,tissueoncology,withaparticularemphasisondevelopmentsinororganism’’[1].Thehumangenomecontainsabout23,000thelast3years.Wediscussreasonswhythemorethan130protein-codinggenes[2],butbecauseoftheoccurrenceofstudiestodatehavehadlittlediscernibleclinicalimpac
6、t,alternativesplicing,theproteomeismuchlarger,andandweoutlinestepsthatmayallowproteomicstorealizeprobablyconsistsofmorethan100,000distinctpolypep-itspromiseforearlydetectionofdisease,monitoringoftides[3].Theprevalenceofpost-translationalmodificationscontributesadditionaldiversity
7、.Proteomicanalysisismorechallengingthangenomicanalysis,butisalsomoreY.LinW.S.Dynanrewarding,becauseitcapturesregulatoryeffectsatalllevelsInstituteofMolecularMedicineandGenetics,MedicalCollegeofgeneexpression(i.e.,transcriptional,translational,andofGeorgia,Augusta,GA,USApost-tra
8、nslational).Thegoalofproteomics,inmostcases,isY
