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1、APPLIEDCOGNITIVEPSYCHOLOGYAppl.Cognit.Psychol.20:713–721(2006)PublishedonlineinWileyInterScience(www.interscience.wiley.com).DOI:10.1002/acp.1224WorkingMemoryCapacityandAttentionNetworkTestPerformanceTHOMASS.REDICK*andRANDALLW.ENGLEGeorgiaInstituteofTec
2、hnology,Atlanta,USASUMMARYComplexspantasksarepredictiveofmanyaspectsofbehavior,inbothexperimentalandappliedareasofcognitivepsychology.Ourviewisthatthesetasksmeasureprimarilyworkingmemorycapacity(WMC),whichweargueistheabilitytocontrolattention.Thedevelop
3、mentoftheAttentionNetworkTest(ANT)providedtheopportunitytostudytherelationshipbetweenWMCandspecifictypesofattention.ExtremeWMC-spangroupsdifferedintheexecutivecontrolnetworkbutnotinthealertingororientingnetworks,supportingtheviewthatindividualdifferences
4、inWMCreflectvariationintheabilitytocontrolattention.WediscussproblemswiththedesignoftheANTthatlimititsappropriatenessforappliedresearch.Copyright#2006JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd.Wehavearguedthatindividualdifferencesinworkingmemorycapacity(WMC),asmeasuredbycomplex
5、spantaskssuchasOperationSpan(OSPAN;Turner&Engle,1989),reflectprimarilytheabilitytocontrolattention(Engle&Kane,2004).WMCismostimportantinsituationswheretherearemultiplerelevantdistractorsand/oraprepotentbehaviorthatconflictswiththedesiredtargetbehavior.Sup
6、portforthisviewcomesfromourresearchstudyingtheimportanceofWMContaskssuchasdichoticlistening,Stroop,andantisaccade(seeEngle&Kane,2004,forreview).INDIVIDUALDIFFERENCESINWMCAlthoughmostofourresearchhasfocusedonstudyingWMConvariouscognitivetasks,increasinge
7、videncesuggeststhatindividualdifferencesinWMCareimportantinotherareasofpsychologyaswell.Performanceoncomplexspantaskspredictsbehaviorinmanydifferentsituations,includingfollowingdirections,writing,note-taking,computer-languagelearning,andbridgeplaying(En
8、gle&Kane,2004).Inaddition,researchinthesocialdomainhasshownthatWMCisrelatedtotheabilitytohandlelifestressandstereotypethreat(seeRedick,Heitz,&Engle,inpress,forareview).Moregermanetothetopicofthisspecialissue,weproposethatindividu