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1、HHSPublicAccessAuthormanuscriptAuthorManuscriptAuthorManuscriptPediatrResAuthorManuscript.Authormanuscript;availableinPMC2016March01.AuthorManuscriptPublishedinfinaleditedformas:PediatrRes.2015September;78(3):232–238.doi:10.1038/pr.2015.97.IntestinalMicrobiotaandItsRelationshipwithNecrotizingEnter
2、ocolitisRaviMangalPatel1,2andPatriciaW.Denning1,21DepartmentofPediatrics,DivisionofNeonatal-PerinatalMedicine,EmoryUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Atlanta,GA,USA2Children’sHealthcareofAtlanta,Atlanta,GA,USAAbstractNecrotizingenterocolitisisaleadingcauseofmorbidityandmortalityininfantsbornprematurely.Af
3、terbirth,theneonatalgutmustacquireahealthycomplementofcommensalbacteria.Disruptionordelayofthiscriticalprocess,leadingtodeficientorabnormalmicrobialcolonizationofthegut,hasbeenimplicatedaskeyriskfactorinthepathogenesisofNEC.Conversely,abeneficialcomplementofcommensalintestinalmicrobiotamayprotectt
4、heimmaturegutfrominflammationandinjury.Interventionsaimedatprovidingorrestoringahealthycomplementofcommensalbacteria,suchasprobiotictherapy,arecurrentlythemostpromisingtreatmenttopreventNEC.Shiftingthebalanceofintestinalmicrobiotafromapathogenictoprotectivecomplementofbacteriacanprotectthegutfromi
5、nflammationandsubsequentinjurythatleadstoNEC.Herein,wereviewtherelationshipofintestinalmicrobiotaandNECinpreterminfants.IntroductionNecrotizingenterocolitisisamajorcauseofmortalityandmorbidityininfantsbornprematurely(1,2).Approximately7%ofverylowbirthweight(VLBW,≤1500gramsatbirth)infantswilldevelo
6、pNEC.Moreworrisome,20%to30%ofVLBWinfantswithNECwilldie(3)andtheremainingsurvivorswillbeatsubstantialriskforlong-termcomplications,includingimpairedneurodevelopmentandshortbowelsyndrome(4).AlthoughtheunderlyingpathogenesisofNECisnotcompletelyunderstood,currentevidencesuggestsamultifactorialpathophy
7、siologythatcanbecategorizedintofourareas:prematurebirth,abnormalintestinalmicrobiota,enteralfeedingandotherpotentialfactors(Figure1).RiskfactorsforNECPrematurebirthisthemajordeterminantofNEC,asthisdiseasealmostex
