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1、GUTMICROBIOTA–ANUNAPPRECIATEDORGANby Joanna
2、Mar31,2015
3、 Article
4、 0comments·····Microbiota–BehindthescenesThemicroorganismswithinourintestinesformacomplexcommunitycalledmicrobiota.Thegutmicrobiotaoccupyintestinalspaces.Microbiota,sometimescalledmicroflora,isacommunityofmicroorganism
5、stobefoundeitheronthesurfaceofthebody,orinitsdifferentcavities:theskin,mouth,ears,vaginaandgastrointestinaltract.OurpresentdayknowledgeofmicrobiotabeganwiththepioneeringworkofRussianscientistÉlieMetchnikoff,winnerofthe1908NobelPrize,whoexploredtheageingprocessandintestinalbacteria.It
6、wasn’tuntilthe1970sthatscientistsbegantopublishabouttheimportanceoftheseintestinalinhabitantstothewellbeingofthehumanbody.Ourmicrobiotacomprisesof commensal (native)and transitional (justpassingthrough)microorganisms.Transitionalorganismstypicallyincludenon-fermentinggram-negative-ba
7、cilifromtheenvironment,contractedthroughfoodanddrinks.Theytravelthroughourdigestivesystemmostlyharmlessly,andareeliminatedwithfeces.Microorganismscanbebeneficial,opportunistic(potentiallyharmful)orpathogenic. Commensalbeneficial microorganismscontributetoournormal,healthyflora,andare
8、commonlyreferredtoasindigenousfriendlybacteria.Somecommonlyknownmicrobesinclude Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium andLactobacillus. Opportunistic microorganisms,typicallynon-pathogenic,willkeepquietinahealthyhostwithahealthyimmunesystemandwellestablishedgutmicrobiome,butmaystrike(becomepa
9、thogenic)causinghealthissuesinindividualswithcompromisedimmunesystems,causinggutdysbiosis.CommonopportunistsincludeBacteroides,Peptococci,Staphylococci,Streptococci,Bacilli,Clostridia,Yeast,Enterobacteriaandmore.Commonexogenous pathogenic microbes,enteringthebodyviacontaminatedwatero
10、rfoods,includerotavirus, Salmonellatyphimurium andsome Escherichiacoli strains.Indigestedprobioticorganismsaretransient;somestrainsmaycolonisetheguttemporarily,butwilleventuallybeexpelledafewdaysaftertheirconsumption.Howdoesitdevelopthroughlife?Howdowegetallthesemicrobes?Untilrecentl
11、yitwasbeliev
