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1、TIMI-1187;No.ofPages13ReviewFate,activity,andimpactofingestedbacteriawithinthehumangutmicrobiota*MurielDerrienandJohanE.T.vanHylckamaVliegDanoneNutriciaResearch,RD128AvenuedelaVauve,91767Palaiseau,FranceThehumangutcontainsahighlydiversemicrobialcom-Thoughdeeplyembeddedin,andcloselyas
2、sociatedmunitythatisessentiallyanopenecosystem,despitewith,thehumanbody,theGItractessentiallycomprisesbeingdeeplyembeddedwithinthehumanbody.Food-anopenecosystem.Hostgeneticsplaysaroleinshapingassociatedfermentativebacteria,includingprobiotics,gutmicrobiota,butitsinfluenceappearstobeli
3、mitedaremajorsourcesofingestedbacteriathatmaytempo-comparedtothatofenvironmentalfactors[7–10],therarilycomplementresidentmicrobialcommunities,thusstrongestofthesebeingdiet,medication,andage[11–formingpartofourtransientmicrobiome.Here,we13].ThemicrobialcommunitiesintheGItractarecontin
4、-reviewdataonthefateandactivityofingestedbacteriauallyexposedtoallochthonousbacteriaprimarilyoriginat-and,inparticular,lactobacilliandbifidobacteriaintheingfromdietaryintake.Despitetheresistanceofthegastrointestinal(GI)tractandtheirimpactonthecom-residentcommunitiestocolonizationbying
5、estedorgan-positionandmetabolismofthegutmicrobiomewithaisms,manyfood-ingestedbacteriaarecapableoftransientfocusondatafromclinicalstudies.Inaddition,weintegrationintothegutmicrobiotawheretheymayimpactdiscussthemechanismsinvolvedandthepotentialim-thecompositionandactivityoftheresidentg
6、utcommuni-pactonthehost’shealth.ties.Hence,theycanberegardedaspartofour‘transientmicrobiome’thatisbothhighlydynamicandindividual-Humangutmicrobiotaized.ItscompositionatanytimeistheresultofrecentThegutmicrobiomecomprisesadiverseandabundantexposure,14thegutecosystemconditions,diet,andt
7、hefit-(10cells)microbialcommunityconsistingofbacteria,nessoftheingestedorganisms.archaea,andeukaryotesthatliveinanintimaterelation-Inthisreviewwediscusswhatisknownabouttheshipwiththehost[1].Therehasbeenadramaticincreaseimpactoffood-derivedbacteriaongutmicrobialcommuni-ininterestregard
8、ingthecompos
