德里达的解构主义文学批评

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1、Weneedtointerpretinterpretationsmorethantointerpretthings.——Montaigne(asquotedinDerrida'sessay,“structure,sign,andplay”,1966)在更多的情况下，我们其实并不是对事物本身进行解释，而是对从前的各种的“解释”进行解释。ItsBeginningsStructuralismataGlanceDerrida’sInterpretationofSaussure’sSignDerridareadh

2、ispaper“Structure,Sign,andPlayintheDiscourseoftheHumanScience”ataJohnsHopkinsUniversitysymposiumin1966.DerridaborrowsthebasisofandthestartingpointforhisdeconstructivestrategyfromtheschoolofStructuralism.FerdinanddeSaussure’sCourseinGeneralLinguistics.Lan

3、gue/ParoleSignifier/SignifiedSignifiersSignifiersthemselvesrelationshipsdifferencesSignifiedsOthersignifiedsdifferencesrelationshipsSignifiedsSignifiersarbitraryconventionalIfilledtheglasswithmilk.signifier:glass,signified:containerThecontainerwasfilledw

4、ithglass.signifier:container,signified:anobjectthatcanbefilledTranscendentalSignifiedLogocentrismBinaryOppositionsPhonocentrismTranscendentalSignified(超越的意旨)TranscendentalSignifiedultimatemeaningCenters:God,reason,origin,being,essence,truth,humanity,begi

5、nning,endandself.Logocentrism(逻各斯中心主义):Thebeliefthatthereisanultimaterealityorcenteroftruththatcanserveasthebasisforallourthoughtsandactions.DerridaconcludesthatWesternmetaphysicsisbasedonasystemofbinaryoppositions(二元对立).Foreachcenter,thereexistsanopposi

6、ngcenter.Westernphilosophydecreesthatineachofthesebinaryoppositions,oneconceptissuperioranddefinesitselfbyitsoppositeorinferiorcenter.Speech/WritingThisprivilegingofspeechoverwritingDerridacallsphonocentrism（语音中心主义）.AcknowledgingBinaryOppositionsinWester

7、nThoughtArch-WritingSupplementationDifféranceviolenthierarchy（暴力等级）SpeechWritingSpeechWritingArche-Writing，archi-écriture（元书写）Derridausesthetermsupplementtorefertotheunstablerelationshipbetweenelementsinabinaryoperation.InFrench,“suppléer”alsomeans“tosub

8、stitute(totaketheplaceof)”.Adam’sfirstgoodactisanexpressionofloveforthefallenEve.Thisgoodnesscomesonlyafterevil.Good/EvilEvil/GoodGood/EvilLucifer’sFallPrideGodHuman’sFallHecreatesanewwordDifférance.Theworditselfisderived