管理学罗宾斯第11版02

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1、ContrasttheactionsofmanagersaccordingtotheomnipotentandsymbolicviewsDescribetheconstraintsandchallengesfacingmanagersintoday’sexternalenvironmentDiscussthecharacteristicsandimportanceoforganizationalcultureDescribecurrentissuesinorganizationalcultureTheManager:OmnipotentorSymbolic?Omnipot

2、entViewofManagement-theviewthatmanagersaredirectlyresponsibleforanorganization’ssuccessorfailure.SymbolicviewofManagement-theviewthatmuchofanorganization’ssuccessorfailureisduetoexternalforcesoutsidemanagers’control.Exhibit2-1:ConstraintsonManagerialDiscretionTheExternalEnvironment:Constra

3、intsandChallengesExternalEnvironment-thosefactorsandforcesoutsidetheorganizationthataffectitsperformance.ComponentsoftheExternalEnvironmentSpecificenvironment:ExternalforcesthathaveadirectandimmediateimpactontheorganizationGeneralenvironment:Broadeconomic,socio-cultural,political/legal,dem

4、ographic,technological,andglobalconditionsthatmayaffecttheorganizationExhibit2-2:ComponentsofExternalEnvironmentEnvironmentalUncertaintyandComplexityEnvironmentalUncertainty-thedegreeofchangeandcomplexityinanorganization’senvironment.EnvironmentalComplexity-thenumberofcomponentsinanorganiz

5、ation’senvironmentandtheextentoftheorganization’sknowledgeaboutthosecomponents.Exhibit2-3:EnvironmentalUncertaintyMatrixWhoAreStakeholders?Stakeholders-anyconstituenciesintheorganization’senvironmentthatareaffectedbyanorganization’sdecisionsandactions.Exhibit2-4:OrganizationalStakeholdersM

6、anagingStakeholderRelationshipsIdentifytheorganization’sexternalstakeholders.Determinetheparticularinterestsandconcernsofexternalstakeholders.Decidehowcriticaleachexternalstakeholderistotheorganization.Determinehowtomanageeachindividualexternalstakeholderrelationship.WhatIsOrganizationalCu

7、lture?OrganizationalCulture-Thesharedvalues,principles,traditions,andwaysofdoingthingsthatinfluencethewayorganizationalmembersact.StrongCultures-Organizationalculturesinwhichkeyvaluesareintenselyheldandwidelyshared.Exhibit2-5:DimensionsofOrganizationalCultureW