structuralism

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1、StructuralismDeSaussureandClaudeLevi-StraussOutlineStartingQuestionsF.deSaussure:generalintro;ourreading;finalquestionsLeviStrauss:generalintro;ourreading;finalquestionsStartingQuestionsWhatisstructuralism?Andstructurallinguistics,structuralanthropology?Doyouagreewiththebasicassumptions

2、ofstructuralism?Doyoufindtoday’sreadingsdifficultorinterestingor?FerdinanddeSaussureLanguageasa‘systemofsigns’ratherthananamingprocess.Asigniscomposedof‘sound-image’and‘concept,’orsignifierandsignified.Therelationshipbetweensignifierandsignifiedisarbitrary.Languageasasystemofdifference:

3、“inlanguagethereareonlydifferenceswithoutpositiveterms.’Synchronicapproach:withananalogytochessgame.SignificationandvalueSystemofLanguageSaussure:“Languageisasystemofinter-dependenttermsinwhichthevalueofeachtermresultssolelyfromthesimultaneouspresenceofothers”(textbook:969)Twodimensions

4、oflanguage—asignisalwaysinparadigmaticandsyntagmaticrelationswithothersigns.Introduction,ChapIII.TheObjectofLinguisticsPlaceofLanguageintheFactsofSpeech;p.960Semiologyandtheimportanceoflanguage;p.961-62Sign,signifiedandsignfierp.963PrincipleI:arbitrarinessp.964;onomatopeia965;interject

5、ions966PrincipleII:linearnatureofthesignifier;twoaxis—axisofsimultaneities;axisofsuccessionChessgameasanexampleofsynchrony.PartII,ChapIVLanguageasOrganizedThoughtCoupledwithSoundp.966-Linguisticvaluefromaconceptualviewpoint*systemofrelations:exchangeandcomparison969*thedifferencebetween

6、significationandvalue970;*differentlanguages//differentconceptualframeworks3.LinguisticvaluefromamaterialviewpoitnArbitraryanddifferentailaretwocorrelativequalities.971Letters–completelynegativeanddifferential.PartII,ChapIV(2)4.TheSignConsideredinitsTotalityDifferencemakescharacterjusta

7、sitmakesvalueandtheunit.ChapterV.SyntagmaticandAssociativeRelationsWhataretheyandwhyaretheyimportantconcept?DeSaussure:Q&AWhatdoyouthinkaboutSaussure’semphasisonsignifierassound-image?Ismeaningconstructioninlanguagecompletelyarbitrary?HowisSaussure’sviewsoflanguagedifferentfrom