资源描述：
《Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems 》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、GalileoGalileiDialogueConcerningtheTwoChiefWorldSystems,1632GalileoGalilei(1564-1642)TodayGalileoisafamousandromanticname.WehaveallbeentaughtthestoryofhisheroicfightinthenameofscienceagainsttheintractableignoranceofthetyrannicalCatholicchurch.Therealityisnotsostarklydrawn,butnolessinteresti
2、ngforthat;Galileo’sownarrogancecreatedmanyenemies,andRome’sanxietyoveritsauthorityintheschismaticeraoftheProtestantreformationmadetheircollisioninevitable.Galileowasaprofessorofmathematics,firstattheUniversityofPisa,wherehehadbeenborn,andthenatPadua,perhapsestablishingareputationforhiswilli
3、ngnesstooffendAristotelianphilosophersperhaps,withthepublicationofDeMotu(OnMotion),butforlittlemore.Butwhilecontinuingtoworkasamathematician,Galileo’sinterestinphilosophy(i.e.,physics)andthenastronomygrew.WiththepublicationofSideriusNuncius,orTheStarryMessenger,in1610–inwhichherecordedthesi
4、ghtshehadseenwiththenewlyinventedtelescope,includingthemoonsofJupiter,andthemountainsofourownmoon-GalileowasinstantlyfamousacrossEurope.Hewasalsointhemidstofcontroversy,forfewbelievedhimuntilhisfindingscouldbeverifiedbyotherswithwhatwasstillaveryrareinstrument(Galileohadmadehisown)andeventh
5、enthereweredisputesastowhatthosefindingreallywere.Thiscontroversywasnoimpedimenttohisambitions,andhiscultivationofthepatronageofCosimodeMedici,DukeofFlorence-towhomhehaddedicatedhisbook,andwhosenamehegavetotheJovianmoons-ledtohisbeingnamed"ChiefMathematicianoftheUniversityofPisaandPhilosoph
6、ertotheGrandDuke."Mathematiciansandastronomerswerenotequivalentinthehierarchyofartstophilosophy,andinhisnewpositionGalileo’swarswiththeAristotelianphilosophersescalated,forphysicswasbecominghisprincipleinterest.In1615hewenttoRometoargueonbehalfofthemeritsoftheCopernicantheory,butthepolitica
7、latmospherewassuchthatCopernicus’DeRevolutionibuswasplacedontheIndexofProhibitedBooksin1616,andhistheorydeclared"foolishandabsurdphilosophicallyandformallyhereticalinasmuchasitexpresslycontradictsthedoctrinesoftheholyscripture."ThereisevidencethatGalileo
