air quality &vehicle tech

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1、internationaljournalofhydrogenenergy35(2010)5145–5153Availableatwww.sciencedirect.comjournalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/heAirqualityandenvironmentalimpactsofalternativevehicletechnologiesinOntario,CanadaIvanKantor,MichaelW.Fowler*,AmirhosseinHajimiragha,Ali

2、ElkamelUniversityofWaterloo,200UniversityAvenueWest,Waterloo,Ontario,CanadaN2L3G1articleinfoabstractArticlehistory:Thisstudyisfocusedontheprovince-wideemissionsinOntario,CanadaandurbanairReceived27June2009pollutioninthecityofToronto.Thelife-cycle(LC)impactsofuti

3、lizingalternativefuelsforReceivedinrevisedformtransportationpurposesisconsideredintermsofsixmajorstressorsforclimatechange,11August2009acidificationandurbanairquality.Thevehiclesconsideredareplug-inhybridelectricAccepted30August2009vehicles(PHEVs),fuelcellvehicle

4、s(FCVs)andfuelcellplug-inhybridelectricvehiclesAvailableonline26September2009(FCPHEVs).Modelingofthepenetrationratesforthesetypesofvehicleshasbeencompletedbasedonthemaximumbase-loadcapacityofOntario’selectricitygridtoKeywords:accommodatethegenerationofhydrogenan

5、dchargingofvehiclesusinggridelectricity.AlternativefuelResultsshowthatthereductioningreenhousegasemissionsfromadoptionofPHEVsorLifecycleFCVswillexceed3%ofthecurrentemissionsfromthetransportationsectorinOntarioUrbanairqualitywhileFCPHEVsmayachievealmosttwicethisr

6、eduction.AllvehiclesexhibitsimilarPHEVimpactsontheprecursorsforphotochemicalsmogalthoughtheprovince-wideeffectsFCVdiffersignificantly.FCPHEVª2009ProfessorT.NejatVeziroglu.PublishedbyElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.1.Introductionofthisshiftwastosupplyconsumerswithve

7、hiclesthatwoulddecreasetheirecologicalfootprintaswellasreduce1.1.Scopethecostassociatedwithpurchasingfuel.Inrecentyears,energysecurityhasalsobecomeadrivingforceforchangeTheeconomiesofthedevelopedworldareincreasinglyinfueltype.Oneofthesocietalconcernsoftenoverloo

8、kedexpandingtoinclude‘‘green’’technologiesandprocessesistheimpactofalternative-fuelvehicleusageonthethattakeintoaccountthesocial,environmentalandairqualityintheurbane