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1、ProgrammeforInternationalStudentAssessmentAssessingScientific,ReadingandMathematicalLiteracyAFrameworkforPISA2006OECDOrgAnISAtIOnFOrecOnOmIccO-OPerAtIOnAnddevelOPmentForewordForewordtheOecdProgrammeforInternationalStudentAssessment(PISA),createdin1997,representsacommitmentbythegovernment
2、sofOecdmembercountriestomonitortheoutcomesofeducationsystemsintermsofstudentachievement,withinacommoninternationalframework.PISAis,aboveall,acollaborativeeffort,bringingtogetherscientificexpertisefromtheparticipatingcountriesandsteeredjointlybytheirgovernmentsonthebasisofshared,policy-dr
3、iveninterests.Participatingcountriestakeresponsibilityfortheprojectatthepolicylevel.expertsfromparticipatingcountriesalsoserveonworkinggroupsthatarechargedwithlinkingthePISApolicyobjectiveswiththebestavailablesubstantiveandtechnicalexpertiseinthefieldofinternationallycomparativeassessmen
4、t.throughparticipatingintheseexpertgroups,countriesensurethatthePISAassessmentinstrumentsareinternationallyvalidandtakeintoaccounttheculturalandcurricularcontextofOecdmembercountries,havestrongmeasurementproperties,andplaceanemphasisonauthenticityandeducationalvalidity.PISA2006represents
5、acontinuationofthedatastrategyadoptedin1997byOecdcountries.theassesseddomainscontinuetobethesameasin2000and2003,howeverscientificliteracyisnowthemajordomainandtheassessmentwascarriedoutusingarevisedframework.theframeworkforreadingliteracyremainsparalleltotheonesusedinthe2000and2003assess
6、mentsandtheframeworkformathematicalliteracyremainsparalleltotheonesusedinthe2003assessmentandtheyarerespectivelypresentedinthepublicationsMeasuringStudentKnowledgeandSkills–ANewFrameworkforAssessment(Oecd,1999)andThePISA2003AssessmentFramework–Mathematics,Reading,ScienceandProblemSolving
7、KnowledgeandSkills(Oecd,2003a).Inasimilarway,thisnewpublicationpresentstheguidingprincipleofthePISA2006assessment,whichisdescribedintermsofthecontentthatstudentsneedtoacquire,theprocessesthatneedtobeperformedandthecontextsinwhichknowledgeandskillsareapplied.Further,itillu
