An Outline of an Argument for Robust

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1、2AnOutlineofanArgumentforRobustMetanormativeRealismDavidEnoch1.INTRODUCTIONRobustMetanormativeRealismistheview,somewhatroughly,thatthereareresponse-independent,non-natural,irreduciblynormativetruths,perfectlyuniversalandobjectiveones,thatwhensuccessfulinournormativeinquir

2、ieswediscoverratherthancreateorconstruct.¹Normativetruthsincludebutarenotlimitedtothetruthsofmorality,soRobustMetanormativeRealismisthenaturalgeneralizationofRobustMetaethicalRealism.RobustRealismineitheritsmetaethicalormoregeneralmetanorma-tiveformisoutofphilosophicalfas

3、hiontoday,²andisoftencriticized,butmoreoftenridiculedorignored,bysupportersofsuch-ismsasNon-cognitivism,ExpressivismandQuasi-Realism,EthicalNaturalism(eitherinitsold-fashioned,apriori,version,orinitsmorerecent,aposteri-ori,not-reductive-in-a-strict-sense-of-this-term,vers

4、ion),Dispositionalism,Forcommentsanddiscussionsonthispaperandthelargerprojectonwhichitisbased,IwanttothankStephanieBeardsman,HagitBenbaji,ThérèseBjörkholm,PaulBoghossian,TerenceCuneo,StephenDarwall,CianDorr,HartryField,ErnestoGarcia,PeteGraham,AlonHarel,UlrikeHeuer,DavidH

5、eyd,PeterKung,AndreiMarmor,TomNagel,DerekParfit,JohnRichardson,JoshSchechter,MarkSchroeder,RussShafer-Landau,NishiShah,AssafSharon,BradSkow,SigrúnSvavarsdóttir,KevinToh,PekkaVäyrynen,CrispinWright,MasahiroYamada,andtwoanonymousreadersforOxfordStudiesinMetaethics.¹UnlikeOdd

6、ie(2005),inmymouthRobustRealismdoesnotincludeacommit-menttothenormativetruthsandfactsbeingapartofthecausalnetwork.²Thoughperhapsnotasmuchsoassometenortwentyyearsago.SeeBloomfield(2001),Stratton-Lake(2002),Shafer-Landau(2003),Oddie(2005),andDancy(2005).Andnotealsothechangei

7、ntonewithregardtosuchaviewfromGibbard(1990)toGibbard(2003).22DavidEnochConstructivism,Relativism,Subjectivism(sensibleorotherwise),andErrorTheoriesofdifferentshapesandforms(thislistofthenon-robust-realistmetanormativeoptionsisneitherexhaustivenorexclusive).InthispaperIemb

8、arkontheprojectofdefendingRobustMetanormativeRealism.AfulldefenseofRobustRealismwouldconsistoftw