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ID:35115425
大小:714.50 KB
页数:152页
时间:2019-03-18
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1、152CriminalProcedure–OutlineBASICPRINCIPLESI.WhatisaCriminalCase?A.MainRule(L.O.Ward)1.DidCongressindicateeitherexpresslyorimpliedlyapreferenceofa“criminal,”asopposedto“civil”label?2.IfCongresshasindicateda“criminal”label,istherethe“clearestproof”thatthestatutoryschemesopunitive
2、eitherinpurposeoreffectastonegatethatintention?B.Applications1.CivilPenalties-Ward(1980)a.Penaltyimposeduponpersonsdischarginghazardoussubstancesintonavigablewaterswasacivilpenalty2.InvoluntaryCommitment-Kansasv.Hendricks(1986)a.Involuntarycommitmentofsexualpredatorscivil,rather
3、thancriminal,b/cstatutedidnotserveeitherretributionordeterrence3.SexOffenderRegistration–Smithv.Doe(2003)a.Alaska’smandatoryregistrationforconvictedsexoffendersupheld,b/cintendedtoprotectpublicfromharm,andnotpunitive4.ContemptProceedings–UMWAv.Bagwell(1994)a.Multimilliondollarco
4、ntemptfinesforviolatingcourtorderagainstunlawfulstrikesarecriminalsanctions,b/chappenedoutofcourt,didn’taffectorderofproceedings,andfinesweresteep.II.IncorporationA.ThreeApproachestowhetherBORwasincorporatedby14thAm1.CurrentApproach–Duncanv.Louisiana(1968)a.Whethertherightisamon
5、gfundamentalprinciplesoflibertyandjustice2.JusticeBlack’sApproacha.14thAm’sP&IclausemeanttoincorporateentireBOR3.JusticeHarlan’sApproacha.IgnoretextofBORitself,andfocusonwhatrights&principlescanbederivedfromnotionsof“liberty”and“dueprocessoflaw,”allthewhilehavingdueregardforstat
6、eexperimentationanddisparityB.DueProcessandIncorporatedRights1.Citizencannotrelyonarightto“dueprocess”ifaspecificBORguaranteewouldprovidethesameconstitutionalprotection2.WhereaspecificBORprotectionhastraditionallyregulatedanareaofcriminalinvestigationorprosecution,andyetprovides
7、noprotectioninaparticularcase,itisveryunlikelythatacitizencanrelyonamoregeneraldueprocessguarantee3.IndependentprotectionundertheDPCremainsviablewheregovernmentalactivity,asinGood,hassomepurposeotherthanenforcementofthecriminallaw4.IndependentprotectionundertheDPCremainsviableev
8、enincriminalcaseswherenospecificBORguaranteehas
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