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1、TowardaTheoryofOrganizationalCultureandEffectivenessDanielR.Denison•AneilK.MishraSchoolofBusinessAdministration,UniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor,MI48109SmealCollegeofBusiness,PennsylvaniaStateUniversity,UniversityPark,PA16802hispaperusescasestudiesandsurveydatatoexplorether
2、elationshipbetweenorganizationalTcultureandeffectiveness.Theresultsprovideevidencefortheexistenceoffourculturaltraits—involvement,consistency,adaptability,andmission—andindicatethatthesecharacteristicsarepositivelyrelatedtoperceptionsofperformanceaswellastoobjectivemeasu
3、ressuchasreturnonassetsandsalesgrowth.Organizationalcultureisfoundtobemeasurableandtoberelatedtoimportantorganizationaloutcomes.RichardL.DaftAbstractcombinedwithquantitativecomparisonsandtheory-testingtomakeprogressonspecificaspectsoforganizationalcultureThispaperdevelop
4、samodeloforganizationalcultureandresearch.effectivenessbasedonfourtraitsoforganizationalcultures;involvement,consistency,adaptability,andmission.These{TheoryBuilding;CultureEffectiveness)traitsareexaminedthroughtwolinkedstudies:Inthefirst,qualitativecasestudiesoffivefirm
5、sareusedtoidentifythetraitsandthenatureoftheirlinkagetoeffectiveness;Inthesecond,aquantitativestudyprovidesanexploratoryanalysisofCEOperceptionsofthesefourtraitsandtheirrelationtoTherelationshipbetweenthecultureandfunctioningsubjectiveandobjectivemeasuresofeffectivenessi
6、nasampleofsocialorganizationshasbeenarecurringthemeinof764organizations.Theresultsshowsupportforthepredic-thesocialsciencesforover50years.Sociologists,socialtivevalueofthetraits,andhelptoillustratethecomplemen-anthropologists,andsocialpsychologistshaveoftentarityofqualit
7、ativeandquantitativemethodsforstudyingpresentedcultureandideologyasintegralfeaturesoforganizationalcultures.thefunctioningofasociety(Weber1930,Mead1934,Twoofthetraits,involvementandadaptability,areindica-torsofflexibility,openness,andresponsiveness,andwereRadcliffe-Brown
8、1952).Eachoftheseauthorsfocusedstrongpredictorsofgrowth.Theothertwotraits,consistencyoncultureasacritic
